NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND CORRECT ANSWER LATEST UPDATE 2025 A+ RATED

NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTION
AND CORRECT ANSWER LATEST UPDATE 2025 A+ RATED

Question 1

A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.

False



Question 2

Barrett esophagus

Is an example of dysplasia

False



Question 3

Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells

True



Question 4

Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy

True



Question 5

Proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease

,Sensitivity



Question 6

How likely the same result will occur if repeated

Reliability




Question 7

How a tool measures what it is intended to measure

Validity



Question 8

People without the disease who are negative on a given test

Specificity



Question 9

Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?

It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes



Question 10

Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.

1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane

2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell

3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures



Question 11

Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.

1: Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within

2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells

,3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation



Question 12

Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.

1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.

2:They control free radicals.



Question 13

High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?

Pathophysiology



Question 14

A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of?

Signs and symptoms



Question 15

Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity?

If negative, it can safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease



Question 16

Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following?

Etiologic factors



Question 17

Define tertiary prevention and give an example:

Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to
reduce complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must take
after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.

, Question 18

Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.

In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes
to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood
supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and
pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs,
and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.




Question 19

Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis.

Necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this
would be luiquefactive necrosis. This is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get
destroyed after the cells death. This could cause necrosis



Question 20

Sunburn

Radiation injury



Question 21

Obesity

Nutritional imbalances



Question 22

Reactive oxygen species

Free radical injury



Question 23

Low oxygen to tissues

Hypoxic cell injury