143 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
**Q116:** What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?
**A116:** Side effects include cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, and
angioedema.
**Q117:** How do you monitor a patient on anticoagulant therapy?
**A117:** Monitor for signs of bleeding, check INR levels regularly (for
warfarin), and educate the patient about avoiding activities that increase
bleeding risk.
**Q118:** What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
**A118:** The antidote is protamine sulfate.
---
#### **2. Patient Safety**
**Q119:** What are the steps for preventing medication errors?
**A119:** Use the "5 Rights of Medication Administration," double-check
calculations, and verify orders with the healthcare provider.
**Q120:** How do you handle a situation where a patient is allergic to a
prescribed medication?
,**A120:** Notify the healthcare provider immediately, document the allergy in
the patient’s chart, and ensure the allergy band is visible.
**Q121:** What is the purpose of a fall risk assessment?
**A121:** To identify patients at risk for falls and implement preventive
measures, such as bed alarms, non-slip footwear, and frequent rounding.
---
#### **3. Cultural Competence**
**Q122:** How do you provide culturally competent care to a patient with
limited English proficiency?
**A122:** Use professional interpreters, avoid using family members as
interpreters, and provide written materials in the patient’s preferred language.
**Q123:** What should you do if a patient’s cultural beliefs conflict with
prescribed treatment?
**A123:** Respect the patient’s beliefs, involve the healthcare team to find
alternative solutions, and document the patient’s preferences.
**Q124:** How do you address religious dietary restrictions in a hospital
setting?
**A124:** Collaborate with dietary services to provide meals that comply with
the patient’s religious beliefs.
---
#### **4. Complex Clinical Scenarios**
,**Q125:** How do you manage a patient with a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
**A125:** Administer oxygen, anticoagulants (e.g., heparin), and monitor vital
signs closely. Prepare for thrombolytic therapy if necessary.
**Q126:** What are the signs of acute kidney injury (AKI), and how do you
respond?
**A126:** Signs include decreased urine output, elevated creatinine and BUN
levels, and fluid overload. Respond by identifying and treating the underlying
cause, monitoring fluid balance, and adjusting medications.
**Q127:** How do you care for a patient with a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
**A127:** Monitor neurological status, maintain airway patency, and prevent
secondary injuries (e.g., increased intracranial pressure).
---
#### **5. Patient Education**
**Q128:** How do you teach a patient about managing hypertension at home?
**A128:** Educate them about taking medications as prescribed, reducing
sodium intake, exercising regularly, and monitoring blood pressure.
**Q129:** What are the key points to discuss with a patient about preventing
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
**A129:** Encourage mobility, hydration, and the use of compression
stockings. Teach them to recognize signs like swelling, redness, and pain in the
legs.
**Q130:** How do you educate a patient about managing chronic pain?
, **A130:** Discuss non-pharmacological techniques (e.g., heat/cold therapy,
relaxation), proper use of medications, and the importance of regular follow-
ups.
---
#### **6. Emergency Situations**
**Q131:** What are the signs of sepsis, and how do you respond?
**A131:** Signs include fever, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, and confusion.
Respond by administering antibiotics, fluids, and oxygen as ordered, and
monitor vital signs closely.
**Q132:** How do you manage a patient with a suspected myocardial
infarction (heart attack)?
**A132:** Administer oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin as ordered, monitor
vital signs, and prepare for emergency interventions like thrombolytics or
angioplasty.
**Q133:** What is the first step in treating a patient with a seizure?
**A133:** Ensure the patient’s safety by protecting their head and removing
nearby objects. Do not restrain the patient or place anything in their mouth.
---
#### **7. Legal and Ethical Issues**
**Q134:** What is the nurse’s role in reporting suspected abuse?
**A134:** The nurse is legally obligated to report suspected abuse to the
appropriate authorities and document the findings.
**Q116:** What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?
**A116:** Side effects include cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, and
angioedema.
**Q117:** How do you monitor a patient on anticoagulant therapy?
**A117:** Monitor for signs of bleeding, check INR levels regularly (for
warfarin), and educate the patient about avoiding activities that increase
bleeding risk.
**Q118:** What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
**A118:** The antidote is protamine sulfate.
---
#### **2. Patient Safety**
**Q119:** What are the steps for preventing medication errors?
**A119:** Use the "5 Rights of Medication Administration," double-check
calculations, and verify orders with the healthcare provider.
**Q120:** How do you handle a situation where a patient is allergic to a
prescribed medication?
,**A120:** Notify the healthcare provider immediately, document the allergy in
the patient’s chart, and ensure the allergy band is visible.
**Q121:** What is the purpose of a fall risk assessment?
**A121:** To identify patients at risk for falls and implement preventive
measures, such as bed alarms, non-slip footwear, and frequent rounding.
---
#### **3. Cultural Competence**
**Q122:** How do you provide culturally competent care to a patient with
limited English proficiency?
**A122:** Use professional interpreters, avoid using family members as
interpreters, and provide written materials in the patient’s preferred language.
**Q123:** What should you do if a patient’s cultural beliefs conflict with
prescribed treatment?
**A123:** Respect the patient’s beliefs, involve the healthcare team to find
alternative solutions, and document the patient’s preferences.
**Q124:** How do you address religious dietary restrictions in a hospital
setting?
**A124:** Collaborate with dietary services to provide meals that comply with
the patient’s religious beliefs.
---
#### **4. Complex Clinical Scenarios**
,**Q125:** How do you manage a patient with a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
**A125:** Administer oxygen, anticoagulants (e.g., heparin), and monitor vital
signs closely. Prepare for thrombolytic therapy if necessary.
**Q126:** What are the signs of acute kidney injury (AKI), and how do you
respond?
**A126:** Signs include decreased urine output, elevated creatinine and BUN
levels, and fluid overload. Respond by identifying and treating the underlying
cause, monitoring fluid balance, and adjusting medications.
**Q127:** How do you care for a patient with a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
**A127:** Monitor neurological status, maintain airway patency, and prevent
secondary injuries (e.g., increased intracranial pressure).
---
#### **5. Patient Education**
**Q128:** How do you teach a patient about managing hypertension at home?
**A128:** Educate them about taking medications as prescribed, reducing
sodium intake, exercising regularly, and monitoring blood pressure.
**Q129:** What are the key points to discuss with a patient about preventing
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
**A129:** Encourage mobility, hydration, and the use of compression
stockings. Teach them to recognize signs like swelling, redness, and pain in the
legs.
**Q130:** How do you educate a patient about managing chronic pain?
, **A130:** Discuss non-pharmacological techniques (e.g., heat/cold therapy,
relaxation), proper use of medications, and the importance of regular follow-
ups.
---
#### **6. Emergency Situations**
**Q131:** What are the signs of sepsis, and how do you respond?
**A131:** Signs include fever, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, and confusion.
Respond by administering antibiotics, fluids, and oxygen as ordered, and
monitor vital signs closely.
**Q132:** How do you manage a patient with a suspected myocardial
infarction (heart attack)?
**A132:** Administer oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin as ordered, monitor
vital signs, and prepare for emergency interventions like thrombolytics or
angioplasty.
**Q133:** What is the first step in treating a patient with a seizure?
**A133:** Ensure the patient’s safety by protecting their head and removing
nearby objects. Do not restrain the patient or place anything in their mouth.
---
#### **7. Legal and Ethical Issues**
**Q134:** What is the nurse’s role in reporting suspected abuse?
**A134:** The nurse is legally obligated to report suspected abuse to the
appropriate authorities and document the findings.
