#### **1. Chronic Disease Management**
**Q44:** What are the key components of managing a patient with heart
failure?
**A44:** Monitor fluid balance, administer prescribed medications (e.g.,
diuretics, ACE inhibitors), encourage a low-sodium diet, and educate the patient
about daily weight monitoring.
**Q45:** How do you educate a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
**A45:** Teach them about breathing techniques (e.g., pursed-lip breathing),
the importance of smoking cessation, proper use of inhalers, and recognizing
signs of exacerbation.
**Q46:** What are the signs of poorly controlled diabetes?
**A46:** Signs include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight
loss, fatigue, and recurrent infections.
---
#### **2. End-of-Life Care**
**Q47:** What is the role of a nurse in providing palliative care?
**A47:** The nurse focuses on relieving symptoms, providing emotional
support, and ensuring the patient’s comfort and dignity.
,**Q48:** How do you support a family during the dying process?
**A48:** Offer emotional support, provide clear and compassionate
communication, and respect the family’s cultural and spiritual beliefs.
**Q49:** What are the signs of approaching death?
**A49:** Signs include decreased responsiveness, changes in breathing (e.g.,
Cheyne-Stokes respirations), cool and mottled skin, and decreased urine output.
---
#### **3. Patient Safety**
**Q50:** What are the common causes of patient falls, and how can they be
prevented?
**A50:** Causes include mobility issues, medication side effects, and
environmental hazards. Prevention strategies include using bed alarms, ensuring
proper lighting, and assisting with mobility.
**Q51:** How do you prevent pressure ulcers in bedridden patients?
**A51:** Reposition the patient every 2 hours, use pressure-relieving devices,
keep the skin clean and dry, and provide adequate nutrition and hydration.
**Q52:** What is the purpose of a time-out before a surgical procedure?
**A52:** A time-out ensures the correct patient, procedure, and site are
confirmed by the entire surgical team to prevent errors.
---
, #### **4. Advanced Clinical Skills**
**Q53:** How do you perform a sterile dressing change?
**A53:** 1) Wash hands and don sterile gloves. 2) Clean the wound from the
center outward using sterile technique. 3) Apply a new sterile dressing and
secure it in place.
**Q54:** What are the steps for inserting a urinary catheter?
**A54:** 1) Position the patient and clean the perineal area. 2) Lubricate the
catheter tip. 3) Insert the catheter into the urethra until urine flows. 4) Inflate the
balloon and secure the catheter.
**Q55:** How do you assess for proper placement of an endotracheal tube (ET
tube)?
**A55:** Confirm placement with auscultation of bilateral breath sounds, chest
X-ray, and end-tidal CO2 monitoring.
---
#### **5. Communication and Teamwork**
**Q56:** How do you handle a conflict with a coworker?
**A56:** Address the issue privately, use "I" statements to express concerns,
and focus on finding a solution that benefits patient care.
**Q57:** What is the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in
healthcare?
**A57:** It ensures comprehensive care by leveraging the expertise of various
healthcare professionals, leading to better patient outcomes.
**Q44:** What are the key components of managing a patient with heart
failure?
**A44:** Monitor fluid balance, administer prescribed medications (e.g.,
diuretics, ACE inhibitors), encourage a low-sodium diet, and educate the patient
about daily weight monitoring.
**Q45:** How do you educate a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
**A45:** Teach them about breathing techniques (e.g., pursed-lip breathing),
the importance of smoking cessation, proper use of inhalers, and recognizing
signs of exacerbation.
**Q46:** What are the signs of poorly controlled diabetes?
**A46:** Signs include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight
loss, fatigue, and recurrent infections.
---
#### **2. End-of-Life Care**
**Q47:** What is the role of a nurse in providing palliative care?
**A47:** The nurse focuses on relieving symptoms, providing emotional
support, and ensuring the patient’s comfort and dignity.
,**Q48:** How do you support a family during the dying process?
**A48:** Offer emotional support, provide clear and compassionate
communication, and respect the family’s cultural and spiritual beliefs.
**Q49:** What are the signs of approaching death?
**A49:** Signs include decreased responsiveness, changes in breathing (e.g.,
Cheyne-Stokes respirations), cool and mottled skin, and decreased urine output.
---
#### **3. Patient Safety**
**Q50:** What are the common causes of patient falls, and how can they be
prevented?
**A50:** Causes include mobility issues, medication side effects, and
environmental hazards. Prevention strategies include using bed alarms, ensuring
proper lighting, and assisting with mobility.
**Q51:** How do you prevent pressure ulcers in bedridden patients?
**A51:** Reposition the patient every 2 hours, use pressure-relieving devices,
keep the skin clean and dry, and provide adequate nutrition and hydration.
**Q52:** What is the purpose of a time-out before a surgical procedure?
**A52:** A time-out ensures the correct patient, procedure, and site are
confirmed by the entire surgical team to prevent errors.
---
, #### **4. Advanced Clinical Skills**
**Q53:** How do you perform a sterile dressing change?
**A53:** 1) Wash hands and don sterile gloves. 2) Clean the wound from the
center outward using sterile technique. 3) Apply a new sterile dressing and
secure it in place.
**Q54:** What are the steps for inserting a urinary catheter?
**A54:** 1) Position the patient and clean the perineal area. 2) Lubricate the
catheter tip. 3) Insert the catheter into the urethra until urine flows. 4) Inflate the
balloon and secure the catheter.
**Q55:** How do you assess for proper placement of an endotracheal tube (ET
tube)?
**A55:** Confirm placement with auscultation of bilateral breath sounds, chest
X-ray, and end-tidal CO2 monitoring.
---
#### **5. Communication and Teamwork**
**Q56:** How do you handle a conflict with a coworker?
**A56:** Address the issue privately, use "I" statements to express concerns,
and focus on finding a solution that benefits patient care.
**Q57:** What is the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in
healthcare?
**A57:** It ensures comprehensive care by leveraging the expertise of various
healthcare professionals, leading to better patient outcomes.
