NYU pharmacology
exam 2 latest update
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solutions (graded A+)
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Narrow spectrum penicillin - answer amoxicillin, used for staphylococcus
infections
Broad spectrum penicillin - answer ampicillin, used for gram + and gram -
Extended spectrum penicillin - answer Piperacillin, used for more gram -
bone, joint, skin, soft tissue, respiratory tract, urinary tract infections
Penicillin MOA - answer interferes with cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
Penicillin Adverse reactions - answer GI distress, superinfection, 5%-10%
of pts have allergy
Penicillin contrainciations - answer hx of allergy/anaphylaxis; renal
insufficiency
Bactericidal - answer kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic - answer inhibits bacterial growth
,Beta lactamase inhibitor - answer Tazobactam
tazobactam use - answer treat bite wound infections, bloodstream
infections, DM foot infections, intra-abdominal infections, pneumonia,
sepsis
Tazobactam Adverse reactions - answer GI distress, superinfection,
headache, insomina
Cephalosporins MOA - answer inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
Cephalosporins adverse effects - answer GI distress, nephrotoxicity,
decresed seizure threshold, 5%-10% allergic
1st generation cephalosporins - answer Cephalexin; only gram +
2nd generation cephalosporins - answer Cefaclor; gram - but not
psudomonas
3rd generation cephalosporins - answer ceftrixane; more gram - and
crosses the blood brain barrier
4th generation cephalosporins - answer Cefepime; gram - and gram +
includes pseudomonas
5th generation cephalosporins - answer Ceftaroline; treatment for MRSA
Macrolides - answer Erythromycin
Erythromycin MOA - answer inhibits protein synthesis; bacteriostatic and
can be bactericidal in large doses
, Erythromycin uses - answer Respiratory (upper), GI tract, mycoplasma,
chlamydia, legionella
Erythromycin adverse reactions - answer GI distress, superinfection,
hepatotoxicity (excreted by the liver)/ototoxicity, prolonged QT interval
Erythromycin considerations - answer -Contraindicated with Statins
-Decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives
Lincosamides - answer Clindamycin
Clindamycin MOA - answer inhibits protein synthesis; bacteriostatic and
bactericidal
Clindamycin uses - answer Osteomyelitis and Toxic shock syndrome
-also severe PID, post-partum endometriosis, septic arthritis, skin and soft
tissue infection
Clindamycin side effects - answer C. diff because its so broad spectrum
Glycopeptides - answer Vancomycin
Vancomycin MOA - answer inhibits cell wall synthesis; primarily active
against gram + MRSA and C.diff
Vancomycin Uses - answer Oral: C.diff; IV: MRSA
Vancomycin considerations - answer -75% excreted by the kidneys (very
nephrotoxic)
-very caustic to the veins (rotate access/IV sites and monitor for
infiltration/phlebitis)
exam 2 latest update
with complete verified
solutions (graded A+)
Save
Narrow spectrum penicillin - answer amoxicillin, used for staphylococcus
infections
Broad spectrum penicillin - answer ampicillin, used for gram + and gram -
Extended spectrum penicillin - answer Piperacillin, used for more gram -
bone, joint, skin, soft tissue, respiratory tract, urinary tract infections
Penicillin MOA - answer interferes with cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
Penicillin Adverse reactions - answer GI distress, superinfection, 5%-10%
of pts have allergy
Penicillin contrainciations - answer hx of allergy/anaphylaxis; renal
insufficiency
Bactericidal - answer kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic - answer inhibits bacterial growth
,Beta lactamase inhibitor - answer Tazobactam
tazobactam use - answer treat bite wound infections, bloodstream
infections, DM foot infections, intra-abdominal infections, pneumonia,
sepsis
Tazobactam Adverse reactions - answer GI distress, superinfection,
headache, insomina
Cephalosporins MOA - answer inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
Cephalosporins adverse effects - answer GI distress, nephrotoxicity,
decresed seizure threshold, 5%-10% allergic
1st generation cephalosporins - answer Cephalexin; only gram +
2nd generation cephalosporins - answer Cefaclor; gram - but not
psudomonas
3rd generation cephalosporins - answer ceftrixane; more gram - and
crosses the blood brain barrier
4th generation cephalosporins - answer Cefepime; gram - and gram +
includes pseudomonas
5th generation cephalosporins - answer Ceftaroline; treatment for MRSA
Macrolides - answer Erythromycin
Erythromycin MOA - answer inhibits protein synthesis; bacteriostatic and
can be bactericidal in large doses
, Erythromycin uses - answer Respiratory (upper), GI tract, mycoplasma,
chlamydia, legionella
Erythromycin adverse reactions - answer GI distress, superinfection,
hepatotoxicity (excreted by the liver)/ototoxicity, prolonged QT interval
Erythromycin considerations - answer -Contraindicated with Statins
-Decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives
Lincosamides - answer Clindamycin
Clindamycin MOA - answer inhibits protein synthesis; bacteriostatic and
bactericidal
Clindamycin uses - answer Osteomyelitis and Toxic shock syndrome
-also severe PID, post-partum endometriosis, septic arthritis, skin and soft
tissue infection
Clindamycin side effects - answer C. diff because its so broad spectrum
Glycopeptides - answer Vancomycin
Vancomycin MOA - answer inhibits cell wall synthesis; primarily active
against gram + MRSA and C.diff
Vancomycin Uses - answer Oral: C.diff; IV: MRSA
Vancomycin considerations - answer -75% excreted by the kidneys (very
nephrotoxic)
-very caustic to the veins (rotate access/IV sites and monitor for
infiltration/phlebitis)
