NR 565 PHARMACOLOGY WEEK 7 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025

NR 565 PHARMACOLOGY WEEK 7 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Definition:NAcidNreflux/heartburnN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
ANburningNsensationNinNtheNchestN+NrecurrentNregurgitationNofNacidicNstomachNcontentsNintoNtheNmouthNo
rNthroat;NcanNaffectNteethNandNesophagus



AcidNreflux/heartburnNsymptomsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
BurningNsensationNinNchest,NsourNtaste,Nstomach/chestNpain,NsoreNthroat/hoarseness,Nwheezing/coughin
g,NerodedNteethNenamel



WhenNisNGERDNdefinedN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
IfNheartburn/acidNrefluxNsymptomsNinterfereNwithNdailyNlifeNorNoccurNmoreNthanN2x/week



DefensiveNfactorsNtoNprotectNagainstNulcers:NMucusN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
SecretedNbyNGINmucosaNcells,NformsNprotectiveNbarrierNagainstNacidNandNpepsin



DefensiveNfactorsNtoNprotectNagainstNulcers:NBicarbonateN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
SecretedNbyNepithelialNcellsNofNstomach/duodenum;NmostNisNtrappedNbyNmucusNlayerNtoNneutralizeNHNions
;NproducedN+NsecretedNbyNpancreasNintoNduodenum



DefensiveNfactorsNtoNprotectNagainstNulcers:NBloodNflowN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
EssentialNforNmaintainingNmucosalNintegrity



DefensiveNfactorsNtoNprotectNagainstNulcers:NProstaglandinsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
StimulateNsecretionNofNbicarbNandNmucus;NpromotesNvasodilation,NhelpsNtoNmaintainNbloodNflow,Nsurpass
esNsecretionNofNgastricNacid



FactorsNthatNincreaseNtheNriskNofNulcerNdevelopmentN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
H.Npylori:NcanNcolonizeNtheNstomachN+NduodenumN

NSAIDs:NunderlyingNcauseNofNmanyNulcers

HCL:NAbsoluteNrequirementNforNulcerNdevelopment

Pepsin:NenzymeNinNHCLNthatNcanNinjureNunprotectedNmucosalNcells

Smoking:NdelaysNhealing,NincreasesNriskNofNrecurrence

, TherapeuticNeffect:NProtonNPumpNInhibitorsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
MostNeffectiveNforNinhibitingNacidNsecretion;NbindNtoNgastricNPPs,NblockingNacidNproduction;NdecreasedNaci
dN=NdecreasedNrefluxNandNGERDNsymptoms



RoleNofNgastricNparietalNcellsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
ProduceN+NreleaseNacid/hydrogenNwhenNactivatedNbyNhistamine,Ngastrin,N+Nacetylcholine;NgastricNPPNmov
esNacidNintoNstomachNandNk+NintoNparietalNcells;NHCLNisNformedNwhenNH+NbindsNtoNcl-



OtherNinfo:NPPIsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-TakesN2-
3NdaysNtoNreachNmaxNeffect;NacidNactivated;NirreversiblyNblockNH+NandNamountNofNHCLNproduced



SideNeffects:NPPIsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-Headache,Nnausea,Ndiarrhea

Long-
termNuse:NrenalNcomplications,NboneNfractures,Ndementia,NdecreasedNabsorptionNofNca+,Nmg+,N+NB12



Contraindications:NPPIsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-Hypocalcemia;NincreasedNriskNofNCAPNwithNshort-termNuse

*Pts.NtakingNNSAIDsNcanNtakeNPPIsNforNulcerNprophylaxis



Medications:NPPIsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
OTC:NesomeprazoleN(Nexium),NlansoprazoleN(Prevacid),NomeprazoleN(Prilosec)

RX:NdexlansoprazoleN(dexilant),NpantoprazoleN(protonix),NrabeprazoleN(aciphex)



TherapeuticNaction:NHistamine-2NReceptorNAntagonistsN(H2RA)N-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
DecreasesNacidNsecretionNbyNblockingNhistamineN2-
receptorsNinNgastricNparietalNcells;NprovidesNreliefNfromNGERDNsymptoms;NcanNbeNusedNasNprophylaxis;Nmo
reNeffectiveNthanNantacids,NlessNthanNPPIs;NIntermittentNorNfixedNdosing



SideNEffects:NH2RAsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-Headache,Nnausea



Containdications:NH2RAN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
Cimetidine:NweakNinhibitorNofNCYP450N(warfarin,Nphenytoin,Ntheophylline,Nlidocaine,Nantacids)

Famotidine:NsafeNinNgeriatrics;NuseNcautionNwithNrenalNimpairmentN