BLS CPR 2022 AHA Exam questions and answers..docx

AHA BLS Study Guide Questions and
Answers.
Chain of Survival: Adult - ANS >> Emergency Cardiovascular Care
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1 - Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system
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2 - Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest compressions
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3 - Rapid defibrillation
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4 - Effective advanced life support
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5 - Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
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High-quality CPR - ANS >> Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
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Push hard, push fast: rate of 100/min with a depth of at least 2 in (5cm) for adults, approximately 2 in
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(5cm) for children, and approximately 1.5 in (4cm) for infants.
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Allow complete chest recoil for each compression.
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Minimize interruptions in compressions (limit to less than 10s).
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Give effective breaths that make the chest rise.
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Avoid excessive ventilation.
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Chain of survival: Pediatric - ANS >> 1 - Prevention of arrest
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2 - Early high-quality CPR
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3 - Rapid activation of the EMS (or other emergency response) system
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4 - Effective advanced life support (including rapid stabilization and transport to definitive care and
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rehab)
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5 - Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
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2010 AHA Key Changes (sequence) - ANS >> Changes in BLS sequence from ABC (airway, breathing,
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chest compressions) to CAB (chest compressions, airway, breathing) for adults, children, and infants.
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This is because chest compressions were often delayed while rescuer opened airway, deliver mouth-to-
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mouth, retrieve barrier device, or gathered and assembled ventilation equipment.
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, CAB makes delivery of compressions sooner and the delay in giving breaths sooner - deliver first cycle of
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30 compressions (approximately 18 seconds or less); for 2-rescuer infant or child CPR the delay will be
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even shorter.
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2010 AHA key Changes (Emphasis on High-Quality CPR) - ANS >> Compression rate of at least 100/min
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(rather than "approximately")
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Depth of at least 2 in (5cm) for adults and children, 1.5 in (5cm) for infants. No longer 1.5 - 2 in for
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adults and absolute depth for children and infants is deeper than in previous guidelines.
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Allowing complete chest recoil, minimizing interruptions in compressions, and avoiding excessive
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ventilation continue to be important in high-quality CPR.
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Increased focus on a team approach to CPR. x x x x x x x x




Example: one rescuer activates EMS, second begins compressions, third is either providing ventilation or
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getting equip for it, fourth is getting the defibrillator and preparing to use it.
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2010 AHA Key Changes (No Look, Listen, Feel) - ANS >> Step removed because bystanders often failed
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to start CPR when they observed agonal gasping. Activate EMS and check for response and breathing
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simultaneously. If adult is unresponsive and not breathing normally (only gasping) and has no pulse,
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begin CPR. For infant and child, CPR is performed if the victim is unresponsive and not breathing only
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gasping and has no pulse.
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For all victims (except newborns) CPR begins with compressions and then opening airway and giving 2
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breaths per cycle.
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Additional Changes - ANS >> Use of cricoid pressure in cardiac arrest victims not recommended - can
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prevent gastric inflation and reduce risk of regurgitation and aspiration, but may also block ventilation.
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Can delay placement of advanced airway.
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Continued de-emphasis of pulse check: difficult to detect absence of pulse within 10s. If within 10s not
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able to detect, begin chest compressions.
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Use of AED for infants: Manual defibrillator is preferred to AED. If unavailable, use pediatric dose
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attenuator, if that isn't available, use AED without pediatric dose attenuator.
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BLS components - ANS >> Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing, Defib
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Initial BLS for Adults - ANS >> 1 - Check the victim for responsiveness (tap shoulders and shout "are you
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xok?" - look for normal or abnormal breathing. If no/abnormal breathing, call for help.
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2 - If you are alone, activate emergency response system and get AED if available and return to victim.
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3 - Check victim's pulse (5, no more than 10s)
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