GRE SUBJECT TEST- PSYCHOLOGY
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Id - ✔✔instincts
Who's theory is based on Id, Ego, and Superego? - ✔✔Freud
What is behaviorism? - ✔✔study of observable behavior
Watson's learning theory - ✔✔classical conditioning
classical conditioning - ✔✔a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more
stimuli and anticipate events
operant conditioning - ✔✔the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of
pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
B.F. Skinner - ✔✔Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by
training pigeons and rats
Skinner's Reinforcement Theory - ✔✔-Positive reinforcement
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,-Avoidance learning = Negative reinforcement
-Punishment
-Extinction
social cognitive theory - ✔✔Bandura's theory of personality that emphasizes both
cognition and learning as sources of individual differences in personality
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - ✔✔behavior, environment, and cognition are the
key factors in development
Vgotsky - ✔✔developed "zone of proximal development" theory. Must work at
appropriate development level- not to hard or to easy- in order to learn
Vgotsky's Sociocultural Theory - ✔✔emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds
as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ✔✔1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational
Qualitative vs. Quantitative - ✔✔- number/statistics vs. descriptions from "being in the
field" (observations). qualitative- descriptive. quantitative- researchable
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, Behavorial epigenetics - ✔✔life experiences, especially early in life, have long-lasting
effects on behavior
Teratogens - ✔✔Agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and
viruses
two hemispheres - ✔✔right and left
What does the right hemisphere control? - ✔✔left side of the body
spatial orientation, creativity, facial recognition, music, dream imagery, philosophy and
intuition
What does the left hemisphere control? - ✔✔right side of body
math, logic, analytical processing
broca's area (all speech)
occipital lobe - ✔✔visual processing
temporal lobe - ✔✔A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
parietal lobe - ✔✔receives sensory input for touch and body position
frontal lobe - ✔✔The lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech,
and impulsive behavior.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Id - ✔✔instincts
Who's theory is based on Id, Ego, and Superego? - ✔✔Freud
What is behaviorism? - ✔✔study of observable behavior
Watson's learning theory - ✔✔classical conditioning
classical conditioning - ✔✔a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more
stimuli and anticipate events
operant conditioning - ✔✔the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of
pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
B.F. Skinner - ✔✔Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by
training pigeons and rats
Skinner's Reinforcement Theory - ✔✔-Positive reinforcement
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,-Avoidance learning = Negative reinforcement
-Punishment
-Extinction
social cognitive theory - ✔✔Bandura's theory of personality that emphasizes both
cognition and learning as sources of individual differences in personality
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - ✔✔behavior, environment, and cognition are the
key factors in development
Vgotsky - ✔✔developed "zone of proximal development" theory. Must work at
appropriate development level- not to hard or to easy- in order to learn
Vgotsky's Sociocultural Theory - ✔✔emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds
as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ✔✔1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational
Qualitative vs. Quantitative - ✔✔- number/statistics vs. descriptions from "being in the
field" (observations). qualitative- descriptive. quantitative- researchable
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, Behavorial epigenetics - ✔✔life experiences, especially early in life, have long-lasting
effects on behavior
Teratogens - ✔✔Agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and
viruses
two hemispheres - ✔✔right and left
What does the right hemisphere control? - ✔✔left side of the body
spatial orientation, creativity, facial recognition, music, dream imagery, philosophy and
intuition
What does the left hemisphere control? - ✔✔right side of body
math, logic, analytical processing
broca's area (all speech)
occipital lobe - ✔✔visual processing
temporal lobe - ✔✔A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
parietal lobe - ✔✔receives sensory input for touch and body position
frontal lobe - ✔✔The lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech,
and impulsive behavior.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
