APA EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
CN 1-12 - ✔✔I - Olfactory: smell
II - Optic: Vision
III - Oculomotor: Vision/Eye muscles
IV - Trochlear: Hearing
V - Trigeminal: Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial: Make expressions
VIII - Auditory: Hearing
IX - Glossopharyngeal: Tongue
X - Vagus: Mouth
XI - Accessory: trapezius and sternocleidomas-toid muscle
XII - Hypoglossal: Throat
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,What 5 things should you ask about while getting the health history of the head and
neck? - ✔✔1. Headaches:
- If yes, important to take a good headache history
2. Dizziness:
- Does it interfere with their ADL/IADL especially for elderly.
- Does the room spin or do you feel your head is spinning (dizziness or vertigo).
- Differentiate between lightheadedness and feeling dizzy
3. Injury:
- Type of injury, hx of concussion or traumatic brain injury, surgery, MVA
4. Lymph Nodes
- Lumps or swelling in neck
5. Neck pain
- Ask about range of motion, interference with ADL/IADL's
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Dizziness can be an indication for... - ✔✔1. Vertigo (60%)
2. Disequilibrium (unsteadiness) (15%)
3. Psychiatric (10%)
4. Pre-Syncope (lightheaded) (5%)
Vertigo (60%) - ✔✔- Feels like the room is spinning but you are actually still.
- Usually caused by a peripheral vestibular dysfunction (40%)
- Central brain lesion (10%) (MS, TIA, Tumor, Migraine).
Disequilibrium (unsteadiness) (15%) - ✔✔- Complain of feeling off balance, unsteady
- Causes: fear of falling, visual loss, MSK weakness, Peripheral neuropathy
Psychiatric (10%) - ✔✔- Hyperventilation, Panic disorder, Somatization,
Alcohol/substance use
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, Pre-Syncope (lightheaded) (5%) - ✔✔- Complain of feeling faint or lightheaded
- Cause: orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, Vasovagal attack
5 types of peripheral vertigo - ✔✔1. Benign Positional Vertigo
2. Vestibular Neuronitis (labyrinthritis)
3. Meniere's Disease
4. Drug Toxicity
5. Acoustic Neuroma
Benign Positional Vertigo - ✔✔- Onset: Sudden rolling on affected side
- Duration: < 1 minute to weeks (May recur)
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
ANSWERS 100% PASS
CN 1-12 - ✔✔I - Olfactory: smell
II - Optic: Vision
III - Oculomotor: Vision/Eye muscles
IV - Trochlear: Hearing
V - Trigeminal: Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial: Make expressions
VIII - Auditory: Hearing
IX - Glossopharyngeal: Tongue
X - Vagus: Mouth
XI - Accessory: trapezius and sternocleidomas-toid muscle
XII - Hypoglossal: Throat
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,What 5 things should you ask about while getting the health history of the head and
neck? - ✔✔1. Headaches:
- If yes, important to take a good headache history
2. Dizziness:
- Does it interfere with their ADL/IADL especially for elderly.
- Does the room spin or do you feel your head is spinning (dizziness or vertigo).
- Differentiate between lightheadedness and feeling dizzy
3. Injury:
- Type of injury, hx of concussion or traumatic brain injury, surgery, MVA
4. Lymph Nodes
- Lumps or swelling in neck
5. Neck pain
- Ask about range of motion, interference with ADL/IADL's
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Dizziness can be an indication for... - ✔✔1. Vertigo (60%)
2. Disequilibrium (unsteadiness) (15%)
3. Psychiatric (10%)
4. Pre-Syncope (lightheaded) (5%)
Vertigo (60%) - ✔✔- Feels like the room is spinning but you are actually still.
- Usually caused by a peripheral vestibular dysfunction (40%)
- Central brain lesion (10%) (MS, TIA, Tumor, Migraine).
Disequilibrium (unsteadiness) (15%) - ✔✔- Complain of feeling off balance, unsteady
- Causes: fear of falling, visual loss, MSK weakness, Peripheral neuropathy
Psychiatric (10%) - ✔✔- Hyperventilation, Panic disorder, Somatization,
Alcohol/substance use
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, Pre-Syncope (lightheaded) (5%) - ✔✔- Complain of feeling faint or lightheaded
- Cause: orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, Vasovagal attack
5 types of peripheral vertigo - ✔✔1. Benign Positional Vertigo
2. Vestibular Neuronitis (labyrinthritis)
3. Meniere's Disease
4. Drug Toxicity
5. Acoustic Neuroma
Benign Positional Vertigo - ✔✔- Onset: Sudden rolling on affected side
- Duration: < 1 minute to weeks (May recur)
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
