CLTM exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
VNS (vagus nerve stimulation) - ✔✔Dr. Zabara developed in the mid-80s. FDA
approved in 1997 for partial seizure onset.
VNS device is made of - ✔✔constant current pulse generator and 2 platinum spiral
electrodes; coiled around left vagus nerve.
VNS, how does it stop seizure? - ✔✔Thought to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters
and decrease excretory neurotransmitters. Blood flow increases and decreases in
different parts of brain also contributes.
FIRDA caused by: - ✔✔toxic metabolic encephalopathy
VSN seizure highest % decrease (year): - ✔✔3 years post implantation
Lennox-Gastaut and VNS: - ✔✔these patients become more alert and have better
behavior control
Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (IRDA) - ✔✔Is seen maximal over the frontal or
occipital lobes and can be caused by various reasons, some benign or unknown, but also
are commonly associated with lesions and tumors. Gray matter is sick right now.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
100% Pass
VNS (vagus nerve stimulation) - ✔✔Dr. Zabara developed in the mid-80s. FDA
approved in 1997 for partial seizure onset.
VNS device is made of - ✔✔constant current pulse generator and 2 platinum spiral
electrodes; coiled around left vagus nerve.
VNS, how does it stop seizure? - ✔✔Thought to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters
and decrease excretory neurotransmitters. Blood flow increases and decreases in
different parts of brain also contributes.
FIRDA caused by: - ✔✔toxic metabolic encephalopathy
VSN seizure highest % decrease (year): - ✔✔3 years post implantation
Lennox-Gastaut and VNS: - ✔✔these patients become more alert and have better
behavior control
Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (IRDA) - ✔✔Is seen maximal over the frontal or
occipital lobes and can be caused by various reasons, some benign or unknown, but also
are commonly associated with lesions and tumors. Gray matter is sick right now.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
