NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
In which type of pleural effusion does the fluid become watery and diffuse out of the capillaries
as a result of increased blood pressure or decreased capillary oncotic pressure?
A. exudative
B. Purulent
C. Transudative
D. Large - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
In transudative pleural effusion, the fluid, or transudate, is watery and diffuses out of the
capillaries as a result of disorders that increase intravascular hydrostatic pressure or decrease
capillary oncotic pressure. The described mechanism is not associated with the other forms of
pleural effusion.
HPV causes what cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - cervical cancer
Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 causes what cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Kaposi
Sarcoma
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes what type of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Liver
Cancer
Helicobacter pylori causes what type of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Stomach Cancer
Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?
A. Syphilis
B. Gonorrhea
C. HPV
,D. Pelvic inflammatory disease - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United
States. High-risk, or oncogenic, HPVs can cause cancer. A persistence of infection with high-risk
HPV is a prerequisite for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and
invasive cervical cancers. No research supports such a link between the remaining options and
Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from exposure to which
virus?
A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Influenza
C. Varicella zoster virus
D. Epstein-Barr virus - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: D
The strongest association between viruses and the development of cancer in children has been
the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin
disease. No current research supports a link between the remaining options and childhood cancer.
A child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has an increased risk of
developing:
A. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Eptein-Barr
D. Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: A
Children with AIDS have an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi
sarcoma. Leukemia is linked to retinoblastoma. Epstein-Barr has been linked to the development
of some cancers, whereas no known link has been found between AIDS and the development of
leukemia.
In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
A. IgE
B. IgM
C. IgG
,D. IgA - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Heterophile antibodies are a heterogeneous group of IgM antibodies that are agglutinins against
nonhuman red blood cells (e.g., sheep, horse) and are detected by qualitative (monospot) or
quantitative (heterophile antibody) test methods. This statement is not true of the other options.
Infectious mononucleosis is mostly caused by what virus? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Epstein-Barr virus
The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of patients with this... - CORRECT
ANSWER - Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Bence Jones protein is present in the blood and urine in approximately 80% of patients with.... -
CORRECT ANSWER - Multiple myeloma
_________________ is characterized by its progression from one group of lymph nodes to
another, the development of systemic symptoms, and the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells -
CORRECT ANSWER - Hodgkin lymphoma
Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which condition? (Select all that apply.)
a. bilateral ureteral obstruction
b. renal vasoconstriction
c. renal artery thrombosis
d. hemorrhage
e. hypostension - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B, C, D, E
Poor perfusion can result from renal artery thrombosis, hypotension related to hypovolemia
(dehydration, diarrhea, fluid shifts) or hemorrhage, renal vasoconstriction and alterations in renal
regional blood flow, microthrombi, or kidney edema that restricts arterial blood flow. Bilateral
ureteral obstruction is not associated with prerenal injuries.
Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?
a. defective renal calcium reabsorption
, b. intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium
c. bone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and less
commonly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption. Hyperparathyroidism and bone
demineralization associated with prolonged immobilization are also known to cause
hypercalciuria but too a much lesser degree.
which statement is false concerning the skeletal alterations caused by chronic renal failure when
the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines to 25% of normal?
a, parathyroid hormone is no linger effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels.
b. the parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which impairs the effectiveness of calcium and phosphate
resorption from bone by parathyroid hormone, is impaired. - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS:
B
Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism (see
Table 38-16). These changes begin when the GFR decreases to 25% or less. The combined effect
of hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies (e.g.,
osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences of secondary
hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue and vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and,
less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The other options are true.
An example of an X-linked recessive disease is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - Duchenne
muscular dystrophy
An example of two autosomal recessive diseases are... - CORRECT ANSWER - Cystic
fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
A well-known atuosomal dominant disease is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - Huntington
disease
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
In which type of pleural effusion does the fluid become watery and diffuse out of the capillaries
as a result of increased blood pressure or decreased capillary oncotic pressure?
A. exudative
B. Purulent
C. Transudative
D. Large - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
In transudative pleural effusion, the fluid, or transudate, is watery and diffuses out of the
capillaries as a result of disorders that increase intravascular hydrostatic pressure or decrease
capillary oncotic pressure. The described mechanism is not associated with the other forms of
pleural effusion.
HPV causes what cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - cervical cancer
Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 causes what cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Kaposi
Sarcoma
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes what type of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Liver
Cancer
Helicobacter pylori causes what type of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Stomach Cancer
Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?
A. Syphilis
B. Gonorrhea
C. HPV
,D. Pelvic inflammatory disease - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United
States. High-risk, or oncogenic, HPVs can cause cancer. A persistence of infection with high-risk
HPV is a prerequisite for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and
invasive cervical cancers. No research supports such a link between the remaining options and
Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from exposure to which
virus?
A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Influenza
C. Varicella zoster virus
D. Epstein-Barr virus - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: D
The strongest association between viruses and the development of cancer in children has been
the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin
disease. No current research supports a link between the remaining options and childhood cancer.
A child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has an increased risk of
developing:
A. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Eptein-Barr
D. Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: A
Children with AIDS have an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi
sarcoma. Leukemia is linked to retinoblastoma. Epstein-Barr has been linked to the development
of some cancers, whereas no known link has been found between AIDS and the development of
leukemia.
In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
A. IgE
B. IgM
C. IgG
,D. IgA - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Heterophile antibodies are a heterogeneous group of IgM antibodies that are agglutinins against
nonhuman red blood cells (e.g., sheep, horse) and are detected by qualitative (monospot) or
quantitative (heterophile antibody) test methods. This statement is not true of the other options.
Infectious mononucleosis is mostly caused by what virus? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Epstein-Barr virus
The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of patients with this... - CORRECT
ANSWER - Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Bence Jones protein is present in the blood and urine in approximately 80% of patients with.... -
CORRECT ANSWER - Multiple myeloma
_________________ is characterized by its progression from one group of lymph nodes to
another, the development of systemic symptoms, and the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells -
CORRECT ANSWER - Hodgkin lymphoma
Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which condition? (Select all that apply.)
a. bilateral ureteral obstruction
b. renal vasoconstriction
c. renal artery thrombosis
d. hemorrhage
e. hypostension - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B, C, D, E
Poor perfusion can result from renal artery thrombosis, hypotension related to hypovolemia
(dehydration, diarrhea, fluid shifts) or hemorrhage, renal vasoconstriction and alterations in renal
regional blood flow, microthrombi, or kidney edema that restricts arterial blood flow. Bilateral
ureteral obstruction is not associated with prerenal injuries.
Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?
a. defective renal calcium reabsorption
, b. intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium
c. bone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and less
commonly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption. Hyperparathyroidism and bone
demineralization associated with prolonged immobilization are also known to cause
hypercalciuria but too a much lesser degree.
which statement is false concerning the skeletal alterations caused by chronic renal failure when
the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines to 25% of normal?
a, parathyroid hormone is no linger effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels.
b. the parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which impairs the effectiveness of calcium and phosphate
resorption from bone by parathyroid hormone, is impaired. - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS:
B
Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism (see
Table 38-16). These changes begin when the GFR decreases to 25% or less. The combined effect
of hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies (e.g.,
osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences of secondary
hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue and vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and,
less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The other options are true.
An example of an X-linked recessive disease is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - Duchenne
muscular dystrophy
An example of two autosomal recessive diseases are... - CORRECT ANSWER - Cystic
fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
A well-known atuosomal dominant disease is.... - CORRECT ANSWER - Huntington
disease
