AVIT 323 Exam #1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What are the 4 left turning tendencies of a propeller driven airplane? - ✔✔1) Spiraling
Slipstream
2) Propeller Gyroscopic Precession
3) P-factor or asymmetric loading
4) Torque
What is spiraling slipstream? - ✔✔Slipstream created by the propeller flows backward
in a corkscrew pattern eventually exerting a side force on the vertical tail leading to the
aircraft yawing to the left.
What is gyroscopic precession? - ✔✔The force applied to a propeller will be felt 90
degrees from where the force was applied.
What is P-factor? - ✔✔The descending propeller blade has a higher AOA than the up-
going blade. This leads to more air being displaced yawing the aircraft to the left.
What is torque? - ✔✔Relates to newton's 3rd law of motion, clockwise rotation of the
prop results in an equal force from the aircraft trying to rotate in the opposite direction.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, What are three corrections for left turning tendencies? - ✔✔1) Offset fin
2) Offset Engine
3) Angle of incidence
What is offset fin? - ✔✔Offsetting the fin so that lift is created to turn the nose the
opposite direction.
What is offset engine? - ✔✔Mounting the engine at an angle so that some thrust pulls
the engine to the right.
What is angle of incidence? - ✔✔The difference between the chord line and the
longitudinal axis.
*More weight requires higher AOA to climb.
What are the two elements of P-factor? - ✔✔1) AOA Difference
2) Relative Wind
What two left turning tendencies are felt during a steep turn? - ✔✔1) Torque
2) P-Factor
Why should your first clearing turn be made to the left? - ✔✔1) Overtaking traffic
coming from behind you should overtake on the right, if you turn right you turn right
into that traffic.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
Answers 100% Pass
What are the 4 left turning tendencies of a propeller driven airplane? - ✔✔1) Spiraling
Slipstream
2) Propeller Gyroscopic Precession
3) P-factor or asymmetric loading
4) Torque
What is spiraling slipstream? - ✔✔Slipstream created by the propeller flows backward
in a corkscrew pattern eventually exerting a side force on the vertical tail leading to the
aircraft yawing to the left.
What is gyroscopic precession? - ✔✔The force applied to a propeller will be felt 90
degrees from where the force was applied.
What is P-factor? - ✔✔The descending propeller blade has a higher AOA than the up-
going blade. This leads to more air being displaced yawing the aircraft to the left.
What is torque? - ✔✔Relates to newton's 3rd law of motion, clockwise rotation of the
prop results in an equal force from the aircraft trying to rotate in the opposite direction.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, What are three corrections for left turning tendencies? - ✔✔1) Offset fin
2) Offset Engine
3) Angle of incidence
What is offset fin? - ✔✔Offsetting the fin so that lift is created to turn the nose the
opposite direction.
What is offset engine? - ✔✔Mounting the engine at an angle so that some thrust pulls
the engine to the right.
What is angle of incidence? - ✔✔The difference between the chord line and the
longitudinal axis.
*More weight requires higher AOA to climb.
What are the two elements of P-factor? - ✔✔1) AOA Difference
2) Relative Wind
What two left turning tendencies are felt during a steep turn? - ✔✔1) Torque
2) P-Factor
Why should your first clearing turn be made to the left? - ✔✔1) Overtaking traffic
coming from behind you should overtake on the right, if you turn right you turn right
into that traffic.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
