Smartbook Review Unit 1:
- Which of the following are features all cells have in common? Cytoplasm, plasma
membrane
- Which organelle functions as the control center of a eukaryotic cell? Nucleus
- Which of the following structures are common to animal cells? Rough ER,
Centrioles, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Smooth ER, Mitochondria
- Which of the following structures are common to plant cells? Mitochondria, cell
membrane, chloroplasts, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Cell Wall, Nucleus
- Which organelle or cell part is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
Centrioles
- Plant cells have organelles called chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis to
make sugars
- Which of the following are features all cells have in common? Plasma membrane
and cytoplasm
- Which of the following organelles are found in both plant and animal cells?
Nucleus, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria
- A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living things
- Which organelles and cell parts are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Chloroplasts and cell wall
- Which of the following do all cells have? Ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA, RNA
- Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane? Surrounds the
plasma membrane; boundary between inside of cell and its environment; location
of organelles and other contents of cell
- Animal cells have an organelle in which their DNA is located. This organelle is
called a Nucleus
- Which of the following distinctive structures do all cells have? Plasma membrane
- Which organelle functions as the control center of a eukaryotic cell? Nucleus
- Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? Water ATP Carbon-
Dioxide
- The specific animal cell structure that helps to reorganize microtubules is
centrioles
, - Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides
- Plant cells have organelles called chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis to
make sugars
- The carrier molecules of the electron transport system are located in the cristae
- Which of the following is released from ATP, providing a cell with energy? A
phosphate group
- Which of the following types of molecules are categorized as the building blocks
of cells? Carbs, lipids, proteins
- Which of the following is located within the mitochondria? The electron transport
chain
- Which of the following do all cells have? RNA, Cell membrane, DNA, Ribosomes
- Carbohydrate molecules consist of what three types of atoms? Carbon, Oxygen,
Nitrogen
- Triglyceride = 3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule
- The components of lipids that consist of long chains of carbon and hydrogen are
called fatty acids
- The stages of the cellular respiration pathway that occur in the mitochondria are
aerobic
- The difference between the structure of saturated fats and unsaturated fats is
that saturated fats contain single bonds only between their carbon atoms
- Which of the following are components of a fatty acid? A long hydrocarbon cahin;
a carboxyl group
- Maltose is which type of carbohydrate? Disaccharide
- Which of the following terms is/are component(s) of a catalyzed chemical
reaction? Enzyme, reactant, product, substrate
Smartbook 10:
- Identify the physician who, in 1902, proposed a relationship between genes and
the production of enzymes. Archibaid Garrod
- The central dogma describes information flow in cells as DNA to RNA to protein
,- Which of the following refers to the RNA-to-protein step in the expression of
genes? Translation
- What class of viruses can convert their RNA genome into a DNA copy using
reverse transcriptase? Retrovirus
- What is the name of the process that makes an RNA copy of DNA? Transcription
- rchibald Garrod concluded that patients suffering from alkaptonuria lack the
Enzyme necessary to catalyze the breakdown of homogentisic acid
- The template strand of DNA during transcription is also known as the: antisense
strand
- Which of the following describes mRNA? An RNA transcript that contains
information for making a polypeptide
- How many nucleotide bases are in one codon? Three
- In transcription, the DNA strand that is not copied is called which of the following?
The coding Strand
- A mutation that changes the reading frame of the genetic message is known as a
frameshift
- An important technological advance that allowed scientists to decipher the
genetic code was the ability to synthesize RNA molecules with defined
sequences
- Identify the three stop codons of the genetic code: UGA, UAA, UAG
- Scientists have successfully transferred and expressed genes from jellyfish into
mammals. What makes that possible? The genetic code is the same in almost all
living things
- The RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase II is known as the primary transcript. It
is later modified into the mature mRNA.
- Which of the following are true about the 5' caps of eukaryotic mRNAs? The G in
the cap is usually modified by the addition of a methyl group.; The cap is added
to the mRNA via a 5'-to-5' bond.; A cap is made by adding a GTP to the 5' end of
mRNA.
- The transcript of eukaryotes is protected from degradation by the addition of
which of the following? GTP to the 5' PO4 group
, - Which of the following best describes a major difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic mRNA transcription? In eukaryotes, a primary transcript is first
synthesized which is modified to become the mature mRNA.
- The poly-A tail of most mature eukaryotic mRNAs is found at the 3' end of the
transcript
- Eukaryotic genes may contain non-coding regions known as introns because
they interrupt the genetic sequence of a gene
- Which base is modified by the addition of a methyl group to the 5' end of the
eukaryotic mRNA to form its cap? G
- The phenomenon called alternative splicing enables a single primary transcript to
be modified to encode two or more proteins
- What are the two main roles of the 5' cap of a eukaryotic mRNA? It participates in
translation; It protects the mRNA from degradation.
- Point mutations change only a single base and include frameshift mutations,
nonsense mutations, base substitutions, etc.
- A base substitution mutation occurs when one base pair in DNA is replaced with
a different one, for example, AAATCG mutates to AATTCG.
- When a base substitution mutation does not result in a change in the amino acid
sequence of a protein (due to the degeneracy of the genetic code), we say that
this mutation is silent
- Alternative splicing generates different mRNAs, and thus, different proteins from
the same gene
- What type of mutation occurs when a base substitution results in the change of a
single amino acid in a protein? Missense
- If a missense mutation results in the substitution of the nonpolar amino acid
valine with the similarly nonpolar amino acid leucine, the mutation is said to be
conservative
- A nonsense mutation is one which occurs when an amino acid codon is changed
to a stop codon.
- A missense mutation is observed when a base substitution changes an amino
acid in a protein
- Which of the following are features all cells have in common? Cytoplasm, plasma
membrane
- Which organelle functions as the control center of a eukaryotic cell? Nucleus
- Which of the following structures are common to animal cells? Rough ER,
Centrioles, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Smooth ER, Mitochondria
- Which of the following structures are common to plant cells? Mitochondria, cell
membrane, chloroplasts, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Cell Wall, Nucleus
- Which organelle or cell part is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
Centrioles
- Plant cells have organelles called chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis to
make sugars
- Which of the following are features all cells have in common? Plasma membrane
and cytoplasm
- Which of the following organelles are found in both plant and animal cells?
Nucleus, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria
- A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living things
- Which organelles and cell parts are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Chloroplasts and cell wall
- Which of the following do all cells have? Ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA, RNA
- Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane? Surrounds the
plasma membrane; boundary between inside of cell and its environment; location
of organelles and other contents of cell
- Animal cells have an organelle in which their DNA is located. This organelle is
called a Nucleus
- Which of the following distinctive structures do all cells have? Plasma membrane
- Which organelle functions as the control center of a eukaryotic cell? Nucleus
- Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? Water ATP Carbon-
Dioxide
- The specific animal cell structure that helps to reorganize microtubules is
centrioles
, - Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides
- Plant cells have organelles called chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis to
make sugars
- The carrier molecules of the electron transport system are located in the cristae
- Which of the following is released from ATP, providing a cell with energy? A
phosphate group
- Which of the following types of molecules are categorized as the building blocks
of cells? Carbs, lipids, proteins
- Which of the following is located within the mitochondria? The electron transport
chain
- Which of the following do all cells have? RNA, Cell membrane, DNA, Ribosomes
- Carbohydrate molecules consist of what three types of atoms? Carbon, Oxygen,
Nitrogen
- Triglyceride = 3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule
- The components of lipids that consist of long chains of carbon and hydrogen are
called fatty acids
- The stages of the cellular respiration pathway that occur in the mitochondria are
aerobic
- The difference between the structure of saturated fats and unsaturated fats is
that saturated fats contain single bonds only between their carbon atoms
- Which of the following are components of a fatty acid? A long hydrocarbon cahin;
a carboxyl group
- Maltose is which type of carbohydrate? Disaccharide
- Which of the following terms is/are component(s) of a catalyzed chemical
reaction? Enzyme, reactant, product, substrate
Smartbook 10:
- Identify the physician who, in 1902, proposed a relationship between genes and
the production of enzymes. Archibaid Garrod
- The central dogma describes information flow in cells as DNA to RNA to protein
,- Which of the following refers to the RNA-to-protein step in the expression of
genes? Translation
- What class of viruses can convert their RNA genome into a DNA copy using
reverse transcriptase? Retrovirus
- What is the name of the process that makes an RNA copy of DNA? Transcription
- rchibald Garrod concluded that patients suffering from alkaptonuria lack the
Enzyme necessary to catalyze the breakdown of homogentisic acid
- The template strand of DNA during transcription is also known as the: antisense
strand
- Which of the following describes mRNA? An RNA transcript that contains
information for making a polypeptide
- How many nucleotide bases are in one codon? Three
- In transcription, the DNA strand that is not copied is called which of the following?
The coding Strand
- A mutation that changes the reading frame of the genetic message is known as a
frameshift
- An important technological advance that allowed scientists to decipher the
genetic code was the ability to synthesize RNA molecules with defined
sequences
- Identify the three stop codons of the genetic code: UGA, UAA, UAG
- Scientists have successfully transferred and expressed genes from jellyfish into
mammals. What makes that possible? The genetic code is the same in almost all
living things
- The RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase II is known as the primary transcript. It
is later modified into the mature mRNA.
- Which of the following are true about the 5' caps of eukaryotic mRNAs? The G in
the cap is usually modified by the addition of a methyl group.; The cap is added
to the mRNA via a 5'-to-5' bond.; A cap is made by adding a GTP to the 5' end of
mRNA.
- The transcript of eukaryotes is protected from degradation by the addition of
which of the following? GTP to the 5' PO4 group
, - Which of the following best describes a major difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic mRNA transcription? In eukaryotes, a primary transcript is first
synthesized which is modified to become the mature mRNA.
- The poly-A tail of most mature eukaryotic mRNAs is found at the 3' end of the
transcript
- Eukaryotic genes may contain non-coding regions known as introns because
they interrupt the genetic sequence of a gene
- Which base is modified by the addition of a methyl group to the 5' end of the
eukaryotic mRNA to form its cap? G
- The phenomenon called alternative splicing enables a single primary transcript to
be modified to encode two or more proteins
- What are the two main roles of the 5' cap of a eukaryotic mRNA? It participates in
translation; It protects the mRNA from degradation.
- Point mutations change only a single base and include frameshift mutations,
nonsense mutations, base substitutions, etc.
- A base substitution mutation occurs when one base pair in DNA is replaced with
a different one, for example, AAATCG mutates to AATTCG.
- When a base substitution mutation does not result in a change in the amino acid
sequence of a protein (due to the degeneracy of the genetic code), we say that
this mutation is silent
- Alternative splicing generates different mRNAs, and thus, different proteins from
the same gene
- What type of mutation occurs when a base substitution results in the change of a
single amino acid in a protein? Missense
- If a missense mutation results in the substitution of the nonpolar amino acid
valine with the similarly nonpolar amino acid leucine, the mutation is said to be
conservative
- A nonsense mutation is one which occurs when an amino acid codon is changed
to a stop codon.
- A missense mutation is observed when a base substitution changes an amino
acid in a protein
