Bio 101 Nvcc Final Exam Questions and
Verified Answers | Graded A+
What is an adaptation?
A.a genetic change over time
B.an increase in reproductive success by certain individuals
C.a trait that is heritable and confers reproductive success
D.differential reproductive success of a particular individual
E. B & D - ✔✔C.a trait that is heritable and confers reproductive success
In a population of dogs, long ears are dominant over short ears. If 50 of 200
dogs in a population have short ears, how many of the long-eared dogs are
homozygous dominant? A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 100
E. 60 - ✔✔B. 50
A population in which an extreme phenotype is favored undergoes ____
selection.
A. disruptive
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,B. directional
C. stabilizing
D. artificial
E. polynomial - ✔✔B. directional
Which statement illustrates Lamarck's theory on the mechanism of evolution?
A. Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to
reproduce
B. Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in
shaded areas
C. Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful
plumage
D. A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become
bald
E. Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could
reach a better food source - ✔✔D. A man who routinely shaves the hair off his
head will have sons who become bald
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation? - ✔✔P+Q=1, p2+2pq+q2=1
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,Boa constrictors have tiny pelvic girdles and leg bones inside their bodies.
Because these structures are nonfunctional "evolutionary baggage," they are
called:
A. convergent
B. analogous
C. maladaptive
D. homologous
E. vestigial - ✔✔E. vestigial
Which of the following are vestigial structures?
A. fish fins
B. vertebral columns in snakes
C. pelvic bones of whales
D. wings of bats
E. hoofs of horses - ✔✔C. pelvic bones of whales
Humans still have body hair even though it is greatly reduced and serves little
function. The hair is a(n):
A. analogous structure
B. homologous structure
C. vestigial structure
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, D. adaptation
E. mutation - ✔✔C. vestigial structure
The human upper arm bone (the humerus) is structurally similar to the upper
wing bone of a bat. The structural similarity is an example of:
A. analogous structures
B. homologous structures
C. vestigial structures
D. adaptation
E. mutation - ✔✔B. homologous structures
Sea squirts and lampreys, which are both aquatic animals, have a perforated
pharynx, a ventral heart, and a notochord at some stage of development. These
similarities are BEST explained by:
A. artificial selection
B. inheritance of acquired characteristics
C. a common ancestry
D. uniformitarianism
E. the "Ladder of Nature - ✔✔C. a common ancestry
The fact that whales have pelvic and leg bones indicates that:
A. they probably evolved from fish
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Verified Answers | Graded A+
What is an adaptation?
A.a genetic change over time
B.an increase in reproductive success by certain individuals
C.a trait that is heritable and confers reproductive success
D.differential reproductive success of a particular individual
E. B & D - ✔✔C.a trait that is heritable and confers reproductive success
In a population of dogs, long ears are dominant over short ears. If 50 of 200
dogs in a population have short ears, how many of the long-eared dogs are
homozygous dominant? A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 100
E. 60 - ✔✔B. 50
A population in which an extreme phenotype is favored undergoes ____
selection.
A. disruptive
1|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,B. directional
C. stabilizing
D. artificial
E. polynomial - ✔✔B. directional
Which statement illustrates Lamarck's theory on the mechanism of evolution?
A. Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to
reproduce
B. Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in
shaded areas
C. Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful
plumage
D. A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become
bald
E. Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could
reach a better food source - ✔✔D. A man who routinely shaves the hair off his
head will have sons who become bald
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation? - ✔✔P+Q=1, p2+2pq+q2=1
2|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,Boa constrictors have tiny pelvic girdles and leg bones inside their bodies.
Because these structures are nonfunctional "evolutionary baggage," they are
called:
A. convergent
B. analogous
C. maladaptive
D. homologous
E. vestigial - ✔✔E. vestigial
Which of the following are vestigial structures?
A. fish fins
B. vertebral columns in snakes
C. pelvic bones of whales
D. wings of bats
E. hoofs of horses - ✔✔C. pelvic bones of whales
Humans still have body hair even though it is greatly reduced and serves little
function. The hair is a(n):
A. analogous structure
B. homologous structure
C. vestigial structure
3|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, D. adaptation
E. mutation - ✔✔C. vestigial structure
The human upper arm bone (the humerus) is structurally similar to the upper
wing bone of a bat. The structural similarity is an example of:
A. analogous structures
B. homologous structures
C. vestigial structures
D. adaptation
E. mutation - ✔✔B. homologous structures
Sea squirts and lampreys, which are both aquatic animals, have a perforated
pharynx, a ventral heart, and a notochord at some stage of development. These
similarities are BEST explained by:
A. artificial selection
B. inheritance of acquired characteristics
C. a common ancestry
D. uniformitarianism
E. the "Ladder of Nature - ✔✔C. a common ancestry
The fact that whales have pelvic and leg bones indicates that:
A. they probably evolved from fish
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©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
