PATHO FINAL EXAM: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR 507,
2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
Fat Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS- Steroids
Solids, fats, and nonisotonic solutions delay gastric - CORRECT
ANSWERS- emptying.
Water Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS- Need 2nd
Messenger to transport across phospholipid membranes
The stomach mucosa is impermeable - CORRECT ANSWERS- to
water, but the stomach can absorb alcohol and aspirin and other
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Swallowing causes the fundus to relax (receptive relaxation) to
receive a bolus of food from the esophagus. Relaxation is
coordinated by efferent, nonadrenergic, noncholinergic vagal
fibers and is facilitated by - CORRECT ANSWERS- gastrin and
cholecystokinin, two polypeptide hormones secreted by the
gastrointestinal mucosa.
,SELECTED HORMONES AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM∗ - CORRECT ANSWERS- Gastrin Histamine,
somatostatin, acetylcholine, bombesin(Gastric releasing peptide),
acetylcholine, Secretin, Cholecystokinin
Products of fat digestion, which are formed in the duodenum by
the action of bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas,
stimulate the secretion of - CORRECT ANSWERS- cholecystokinin
Intrinsic factor is necessary for the intestinal absorption of -
CORRECT ANSWERS- vitamin B12 and gastroferrin facilitates
small intestinal absorption of iron.
The parietal cells (oxyntic cells) within the glands secrete -
CORRECT ANSWERS- hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and
gastroferrin.
The chief cells within the glands - CORRECT ANSWERS- secrete
pepsinogen, an enzyme precursor that is readily converted to
pepsin (a proteolytic enzyme) in the gastric fluid.
The major functions of gastric hydrochloric acid are to dissolve -
CORRECT ANSWERS- food fibers, act as a bactericide against
swallowed organisms, and convert pepsinogen to pepsin.
The vagus nerve releases ACh and stimulates the secretion of
histamine and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), which stimulates
release of - CORRECT ANSWERS- gastrin
,Pepsin - CORRECT ANSWERS- Acetylcholine, through vagal
stimulation during the cephalic and gastric phases, is the
strongest stimulation for pepsin secretion.
Prostaglandins and nitric oxide protect the mucosal barrier by
stimulating the secretion of - CORRECT ANSWERS- mucus and
bicarbonate and by inhibiting the secretion of acid.
Intrinsic factor (IF), a mucoprotein produced by parietal cells,
combines with vitamin B12 in the stomach.It is required for the
absorption of vitamin - CORRECT ANSWERS- B12 by the ileum.
Atrophic gastritis and failure to absorb vitamin B12 result in -
CORRECT ANSWERS- pernicious anemia
The phases of gastric secretion are the - CORRECT ANSWERS-
cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase
The small intestine is about 5 to 6 m long and is functionally
divided into three segments: - CORRECT ANSWERS- the
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
SOURCES OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES - CORRECT ANSWERS- Salivary
Glands: Amylase Lingual lipase
Stomach: Pepsin, Gastric Lipase
, Pancreas: Amylase, Trypsin, Lipase-colipase etc
The digestion and absorption of fat occur in four phases: -
CORRECT ANSWERS- (1) emulsification and lipolysis, (2) micelle
formation, (3) fat absorption, and (4) resynthesis of triglycerides
and phospholipids.
Water soluble vitamins include - CORRECT ANSWERS- B vitamins,
C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Biotin
Fat soluble vitamins include? - CORRECT ANSWERS- A,D,E,K
Intestinal motility is regulated by the - CORRECT ANSWERS-
enteric nervous system, vagal stimulation, and hormones
Segmentation consists of localized rhythmic contractions of the
circular smooth muscles and occurs more frequently than -
CORRECT ANSWERS- peristalsis
Peptide hormones, including - CORRECT ANSWERS- motilin,
gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin, facilitate intestinal motility.
The four parts of the colon are the - CORRECT ANSWERS-
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid
colon.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR 507,
2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
Fat Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS- Steroids
Solids, fats, and nonisotonic solutions delay gastric - CORRECT
ANSWERS- emptying.
Water Soluble Hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS- Need 2nd
Messenger to transport across phospholipid membranes
The stomach mucosa is impermeable - CORRECT ANSWERS- to
water, but the stomach can absorb alcohol and aspirin and other
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Swallowing causes the fundus to relax (receptive relaxation) to
receive a bolus of food from the esophagus. Relaxation is
coordinated by efferent, nonadrenergic, noncholinergic vagal
fibers and is facilitated by - CORRECT ANSWERS- gastrin and
cholecystokinin, two polypeptide hormones secreted by the
gastrointestinal mucosa.
,SELECTED HORMONES AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM∗ - CORRECT ANSWERS- Gastrin Histamine,
somatostatin, acetylcholine, bombesin(Gastric releasing peptide),
acetylcholine, Secretin, Cholecystokinin
Products of fat digestion, which are formed in the duodenum by
the action of bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas,
stimulate the secretion of - CORRECT ANSWERS- cholecystokinin
Intrinsic factor is necessary for the intestinal absorption of -
CORRECT ANSWERS- vitamin B12 and gastroferrin facilitates
small intestinal absorption of iron.
The parietal cells (oxyntic cells) within the glands secrete -
CORRECT ANSWERS- hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and
gastroferrin.
The chief cells within the glands - CORRECT ANSWERS- secrete
pepsinogen, an enzyme precursor that is readily converted to
pepsin (a proteolytic enzyme) in the gastric fluid.
The major functions of gastric hydrochloric acid are to dissolve -
CORRECT ANSWERS- food fibers, act as a bactericide against
swallowed organisms, and convert pepsinogen to pepsin.
The vagus nerve releases ACh and stimulates the secretion of
histamine and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), which stimulates
release of - CORRECT ANSWERS- gastrin
,Pepsin - CORRECT ANSWERS- Acetylcholine, through vagal
stimulation during the cephalic and gastric phases, is the
strongest stimulation for pepsin secretion.
Prostaglandins and nitric oxide protect the mucosal barrier by
stimulating the secretion of - CORRECT ANSWERS- mucus and
bicarbonate and by inhibiting the secretion of acid.
Intrinsic factor (IF), a mucoprotein produced by parietal cells,
combines with vitamin B12 in the stomach.It is required for the
absorption of vitamin - CORRECT ANSWERS- B12 by the ileum.
Atrophic gastritis and failure to absorb vitamin B12 result in -
CORRECT ANSWERS- pernicious anemia
The phases of gastric secretion are the - CORRECT ANSWERS-
cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase
The small intestine is about 5 to 6 m long and is functionally
divided into three segments: - CORRECT ANSWERS- the
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
SOURCES OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES - CORRECT ANSWERS- Salivary
Glands: Amylase Lingual lipase
Stomach: Pepsin, Gastric Lipase
, Pancreas: Amylase, Trypsin, Lipase-colipase etc
The digestion and absorption of fat occur in four phases: -
CORRECT ANSWERS- (1) emulsification and lipolysis, (2) micelle
formation, (3) fat absorption, and (4) resynthesis of triglycerides
and phospholipids.
Water soluble vitamins include - CORRECT ANSWERS- B vitamins,
C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Biotin
Fat soluble vitamins include? - CORRECT ANSWERS- A,D,E,K
Intestinal motility is regulated by the - CORRECT ANSWERS-
enteric nervous system, vagal stimulation, and hormones
Segmentation consists of localized rhythmic contractions of the
circular smooth muscles and occurs more frequently than -
CORRECT ANSWERS- peristalsis
Peptide hormones, including - CORRECT ANSWERS- motilin,
gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin, facilitate intestinal motility.
The four parts of the colon are the - CORRECT ANSWERS-
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid
colon.
