Lifespan Development Exam 1
SANTROCK
Paul Baltes 8 Key Perspectives (Life-span Perspective) correct answersViews
development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic,
multidisciplinary, contextual, as a process that involves growth,
maintenance and regulation of loss, and biocultural co-constructivist.
Development is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and individual
factors working together.
1)Development is Lifelong (Baltes) correct answersEarly adulthood is
not the end of development and no age period dominates development,
looks at development at different points in life.
2)Development is Multidimensional (Baltes) correct answersNo matter
what age you are, your body, mind, emotions and relationships are changing
and affecting each other. (Example: Ted Kaczynski, Unabomber,
hospitalization at 6 mo) Development has biological, cognitive, and
socioemotional dimensions.
3)Development is Multidirectional (Baltes) correct answersThroughout
life, some dimensions or components of a dimension grow or decline.
(Example: Language, difficulty in acquiring a second language decreases
in development, especially after early childhood. Another is older adults
having better judgement than younger, but performing slower than
younger on speed related task)
4)Development is Plastic (Baltes) correct answersPlasticity means the
capacity for change. (As we grow older, do we possess less capacity for
change? Researchers have found that cognitive skills of older adults can be
improved through training and acquisition of effective strategies)
5)Developmental Science is Multidisciplinary (Baltes) correct
answersNumber of different disciplines that study life-span, many
different perspectives.
6)Development is Contextual (Baltes) correct answersAll
development is within a context or setting. Contexts exert three types
of influences, normative age-graded influences, normative history-
graded influences, and nonnormative life events.
6.) Contextual normative age-graded influences correct answersAre
similar for individuals in a particular age group, things such as puberty,
menopause, beginning formal education and retiring from the workforce.
6.) Contextual normative history-graded influences correct
answersCommon to people of a particular generation. Such as
assassination of JFK, World Wars, 9/11 and
, integration of cell phones and computers into everyday life (cohort effects)
Cohort is the year in which you were born.
6)Contextual nonnormative life events correct answersDevelopment at a
slower rate, less rapid decline. Are unusual occurrences that have a major
impact on the lives of an individual.
7)Growth, Maintenance, and Regulation of Loss (Baltes) correct
answersOnce you get to an age where you're done growing, you worry about
maintaining that growth and then regulating it as you decline.
8)Development Is a Co-construction of Biology, Culture, and the
Individual correct answersCan create an unique developmental path
through everyday decisions and have the ability to change aspects,
since we're the smartest.
Biological Processes correct answersChanges in an individual's physical
nature
Cognitive Processes correct answersChanges in an individual's thought,
intelligence, and language.
Socioemotional Processes correct answersChanges in an individual's
interpersonal relationships, emotions, and personality.
Psychoanalytic Theories (Freud) correct answersTheories that describe
development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.
Behavior is merely a surface characteristic, and the symbolic workings of the
the mind have to be analyzed the understand behavior. Early experiences
with parents are emphasized.
Freud's Theory correct answersHe thought as children grow up, their focus
of pleasure and sexual impulses shifts from the mouth to the anus and to
eventually, the genitals. As a result we go through five stages of
psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Freud
overemphasized sexual instincts; more influence should be placed on
cultural experiences as determinants of an individual's development.
Conscious thought plays a greater role than unconscious. Erik Erikson
revised his idea.
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory correct answersIncludes eight stages of
human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental
task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
9)Trust vs Mistrust (Erikson) correct answersExperienced in the first year
of life, development of trust during infancy sets stage for lifelong
expectation that world will be a good and pleasant place to live.
10)Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (Erikson) correct answersOccurs in
late infancy and toddlerhood. After gaining trust in caregivers, infants begin
to discover that their
SANTROCK
Paul Baltes 8 Key Perspectives (Life-span Perspective) correct answersViews
development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic,
multidisciplinary, contextual, as a process that involves growth,
maintenance and regulation of loss, and biocultural co-constructivist.
Development is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and individual
factors working together.
1)Development is Lifelong (Baltes) correct answersEarly adulthood is
not the end of development and no age period dominates development,
looks at development at different points in life.
2)Development is Multidimensional (Baltes) correct answersNo matter
what age you are, your body, mind, emotions and relationships are changing
and affecting each other. (Example: Ted Kaczynski, Unabomber,
hospitalization at 6 mo) Development has biological, cognitive, and
socioemotional dimensions.
3)Development is Multidirectional (Baltes) correct answersThroughout
life, some dimensions or components of a dimension grow or decline.
(Example: Language, difficulty in acquiring a second language decreases
in development, especially after early childhood. Another is older adults
having better judgement than younger, but performing slower than
younger on speed related task)
4)Development is Plastic (Baltes) correct answersPlasticity means the
capacity for change. (As we grow older, do we possess less capacity for
change? Researchers have found that cognitive skills of older adults can be
improved through training and acquisition of effective strategies)
5)Developmental Science is Multidisciplinary (Baltes) correct
answersNumber of different disciplines that study life-span, many
different perspectives.
6)Development is Contextual (Baltes) correct answersAll
development is within a context or setting. Contexts exert three types
of influences, normative age-graded influences, normative history-
graded influences, and nonnormative life events.
6.) Contextual normative age-graded influences correct answersAre
similar for individuals in a particular age group, things such as puberty,
menopause, beginning formal education and retiring from the workforce.
6.) Contextual normative history-graded influences correct
answersCommon to people of a particular generation. Such as
assassination of JFK, World Wars, 9/11 and
, integration of cell phones and computers into everyday life (cohort effects)
Cohort is the year in which you were born.
6)Contextual nonnormative life events correct answersDevelopment at a
slower rate, less rapid decline. Are unusual occurrences that have a major
impact on the lives of an individual.
7)Growth, Maintenance, and Regulation of Loss (Baltes) correct
answersOnce you get to an age where you're done growing, you worry about
maintaining that growth and then regulating it as you decline.
8)Development Is a Co-construction of Biology, Culture, and the
Individual correct answersCan create an unique developmental path
through everyday decisions and have the ability to change aspects,
since we're the smartest.
Biological Processes correct answersChanges in an individual's physical
nature
Cognitive Processes correct answersChanges in an individual's thought,
intelligence, and language.
Socioemotional Processes correct answersChanges in an individual's
interpersonal relationships, emotions, and personality.
Psychoanalytic Theories (Freud) correct answersTheories that describe
development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.
Behavior is merely a surface characteristic, and the symbolic workings of the
the mind have to be analyzed the understand behavior. Early experiences
with parents are emphasized.
Freud's Theory correct answersHe thought as children grow up, their focus
of pleasure and sexual impulses shifts from the mouth to the anus and to
eventually, the genitals. As a result we go through five stages of
psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Freud
overemphasized sexual instincts; more influence should be placed on
cultural experiences as determinants of an individual's development.
Conscious thought plays a greater role than unconscious. Erik Erikson
revised his idea.
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory correct answersIncludes eight stages of
human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental
task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
9)Trust vs Mistrust (Erikson) correct answersExperienced in the first year
of life, development of trust during infancy sets stage for lifelong
expectation that world will be a good and pleasant place to live.
10)Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (Erikson) correct answersOccurs in
late infancy and toddlerhood. After gaining trust in caregivers, infants begin
to discover that their
