Criminology 1 st edition 2025
Investigative Techniques in Criminal
Investigations and Use of Interagency Data Base
1st edition 2025
Crime - ✔✔✔ is a human conduct in violation of the criminal laws of the Federal Government, a State, or local
jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws
Criminalize - ✔✔✔To make illegal.
Statute - ✔✔✔A formal written enactment of a legislative body.
Evidence Based Criminology - ✔✔✔Social Scientific Approach: evidence based criminology
Sumner's 3 Types of Norms - ✔✔✔Folkways, Mores, Laws
Folkways - ✔✔✔A time- honored custom, Tradition: won't hurt society. Ex. Don't pick nose in front of people
Mores - ✔✔✔Violation that can break up society: Murder
Laws - ✔✔✔Written
4 Perspectives of Crime - ✔✔✔Legalistic, Political, Sociological, and Psychological
Consensus Perspective - ✔✔✔Everyone agrees it’s wrong.
Conflict Perspective - ✔✔✔Different groups agree it’s wrong.
@ pg. 1
, Criminology 1 st edition 2025
Criminologist - ✔✔✔Studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
Criminalist - ✔✔✔Use evidence to solve crimes; Investigate
Deviant Behavior - ✔✔✔Human activity that violates social norms.
Criminology - ✔✔✔Study of crime and criminals and the causes of crime.
Social Policy - ✔✔✔A government’s incentive, program, or plan intended to address problems in society.
Criminal Justice - ✔✔✔The scientific study of crime, the criminal law, and components of the criminal justice
system, including the police, courts, and corrections.
Metaphysical Stage - ✔✔✔Criminal behavior is freely chosen; rationality & intelligence
Scientific Stage - ✔✔✔Crime is beyond our control; biological, psychological, & sociological factors; scientific
method to test crime
Thomas Hobbs - ✔✔✔Wrote "Leviathan". He claimed that before society was organized, human life was "solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish, and short". Humans were not guided by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for
self preservation. He was for absolute power.
John Locke - ✔✔✔English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers
are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have
natural rights to life, liberty and property.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - ✔✔✔He was committed to individual freedom, but thought that rationalism and
civilization corrupt man. His book, The Social Contract tells how social inequalities develop when people sign a
social contract agreeing to surrender to the general will in order to be free. This creates a government as a necessary
evil to carry out general will. If general will fails, people can replace it.
@ pg. 2
Investigative Techniques in Criminal
Investigations and Use of Interagency Data Base
1st edition 2025
Crime - ✔✔✔ is a human conduct in violation of the criminal laws of the Federal Government, a State, or local
jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws
Criminalize - ✔✔✔To make illegal.
Statute - ✔✔✔A formal written enactment of a legislative body.
Evidence Based Criminology - ✔✔✔Social Scientific Approach: evidence based criminology
Sumner's 3 Types of Norms - ✔✔✔Folkways, Mores, Laws
Folkways - ✔✔✔A time- honored custom, Tradition: won't hurt society. Ex. Don't pick nose in front of people
Mores - ✔✔✔Violation that can break up society: Murder
Laws - ✔✔✔Written
4 Perspectives of Crime - ✔✔✔Legalistic, Political, Sociological, and Psychological
Consensus Perspective - ✔✔✔Everyone agrees it’s wrong.
Conflict Perspective - ✔✔✔Different groups agree it’s wrong.
@ pg. 1
, Criminology 1 st edition 2025
Criminologist - ✔✔✔Studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
Criminalist - ✔✔✔Use evidence to solve crimes; Investigate
Deviant Behavior - ✔✔✔Human activity that violates social norms.
Criminology - ✔✔✔Study of crime and criminals and the causes of crime.
Social Policy - ✔✔✔A government’s incentive, program, or plan intended to address problems in society.
Criminal Justice - ✔✔✔The scientific study of crime, the criminal law, and components of the criminal justice
system, including the police, courts, and corrections.
Metaphysical Stage - ✔✔✔Criminal behavior is freely chosen; rationality & intelligence
Scientific Stage - ✔✔✔Crime is beyond our control; biological, psychological, & sociological factors; scientific
method to test crime
Thomas Hobbs - ✔✔✔Wrote "Leviathan". He claimed that before society was organized, human life was "solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish, and short". Humans were not guided by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for
self preservation. He was for absolute power.
John Locke - ✔✔✔English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers
are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have
natural rights to life, liberty and property.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - ✔✔✔He was committed to individual freedom, but thought that rationalism and
civilization corrupt man. His book, The Social Contract tells how social inequalities develop when people sign a
social contract agreeing to surrender to the general will in order to be free. This creates a government as a necessary
evil to carry out general will. If general will fails, people can replace it.
@ pg. 2
