All case studies Exam Latest Updated 2025
Questions With Detailed Answers
What are the two types of inhaler that could be prescribed? - ANSWERS-Blue - relief
Blown - preventer
What is it unlikely we would use xanthines? - ANSWERS-Narrow Tw
Why may we check a temperature during the diagnosis? - ANSWERS-To check if there
is an infection
What would be indicted if there was no sound on auscultation? - ANSWERS-Severe
asthma
SABA - ANSWERS-reliever
ICS - ANSWERS-preventer
Xanthine - ANSWERS-PDE inhibitor
Adenosine receptor antagonist
What is COPD? - ANSWERS-A group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties
What are two examples of COPD? - ANSWERS-emphysema and chronic bronchitis
What symptoms would someone with COPD display? - ANSWERS-1. Increased
breathlessness ( on excersize)
2. Productive cough with speutum
3. Chesty cough
4. Frequent chest infections
5. Persistant wheezing
What would the GP see OE with someone with COPD? - ANSWERS-1. Reduced chest
movements
2. Expiritory polyphonic wheeze
3. low O2 stats
4. low PEF
5. Stained fingers - nicotine staining
What is COPD caused by? - ANSWERS-Smoking
alpha 1 anti trypsidase deficiency
, inhalation of harmful dust and fumes
What tests would be ordered for someone with suspected COPD? - ANSWERS-1. FBC
2. Chest X ray
3. Lung function tests
Why are blood taken? - ANSWERS-1. WBC show infection
2. RBC show anaemia - high Hb due to chronic hypoxia
3. High levels of CRP
What would the X-ray show in COPD? - ANSWERS-1. Hyper expanded lungs (appear
very black) - caused by blockages in airways or airsick that are less elastic - air gets
trapped and so lungs over inflate
2. Coarse bronchovascular markings - dilated blood vessels, when inhaling they
become more dilated as the air remains trapped
3. CA or PA
4. Decreased TLC
5. flattened diaphragm
What do we aim to do when treating COPD? - ANSWERS-Control symptoms and
prevent deterioration
What are the treatments for COPD? - ANSWERS-1) Smoking cessation (most
important) - improve symptoms w/in 1 yr of quitting; improves survival; slows FEV1
decline (does not reverse it)
2) Bronchodilators: B2-agonist (albuterol, salmeterol)
3) Anti-inflammatory: corticosteroids
4) LAMA - muscurinic M3 antagonist - block bronchocontriction using Ash
5) O2 - improves survival and QOL
6) Pulm rehab (education, exercise, physiotherapy) - to improve exercise tolerance
7) Vaccines: flu, Strep pneumo
8) Antibiotics - for acute exacerbations
What is triple therapy? - ANSWERS-Combination of LAMA, LABA and corticosteroid
When is triple therapy used? - ANSWERS-- high eneosophil count
- asthma
- recent hospitalisation
Why may someone with COPD have polycynthemia? - ANSWERS-Chronic hypoxia
What are the symptoms of pneumonia? - ANSWERS-1. Chronic cough with speutum
2. SoB
3. Temperature, fever, shivering, sweating
4. Chest pain (pleuric pain)
5. Tiredness
Questions With Detailed Answers
What are the two types of inhaler that could be prescribed? - ANSWERS-Blue - relief
Blown - preventer
What is it unlikely we would use xanthines? - ANSWERS-Narrow Tw
Why may we check a temperature during the diagnosis? - ANSWERS-To check if there
is an infection
What would be indicted if there was no sound on auscultation? - ANSWERS-Severe
asthma
SABA - ANSWERS-reliever
ICS - ANSWERS-preventer
Xanthine - ANSWERS-PDE inhibitor
Adenosine receptor antagonist
What is COPD? - ANSWERS-A group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties
What are two examples of COPD? - ANSWERS-emphysema and chronic bronchitis
What symptoms would someone with COPD display? - ANSWERS-1. Increased
breathlessness ( on excersize)
2. Productive cough with speutum
3. Chesty cough
4. Frequent chest infections
5. Persistant wheezing
What would the GP see OE with someone with COPD? - ANSWERS-1. Reduced chest
movements
2. Expiritory polyphonic wheeze
3. low O2 stats
4. low PEF
5. Stained fingers - nicotine staining
What is COPD caused by? - ANSWERS-Smoking
alpha 1 anti trypsidase deficiency
, inhalation of harmful dust and fumes
What tests would be ordered for someone with suspected COPD? - ANSWERS-1. FBC
2. Chest X ray
3. Lung function tests
Why are blood taken? - ANSWERS-1. WBC show infection
2. RBC show anaemia - high Hb due to chronic hypoxia
3. High levels of CRP
What would the X-ray show in COPD? - ANSWERS-1. Hyper expanded lungs (appear
very black) - caused by blockages in airways or airsick that are less elastic - air gets
trapped and so lungs over inflate
2. Coarse bronchovascular markings - dilated blood vessels, when inhaling they
become more dilated as the air remains trapped
3. CA or PA
4. Decreased TLC
5. flattened diaphragm
What do we aim to do when treating COPD? - ANSWERS-Control symptoms and
prevent deterioration
What are the treatments for COPD? - ANSWERS-1) Smoking cessation (most
important) - improve symptoms w/in 1 yr of quitting; improves survival; slows FEV1
decline (does not reverse it)
2) Bronchodilators: B2-agonist (albuterol, salmeterol)
3) Anti-inflammatory: corticosteroids
4) LAMA - muscurinic M3 antagonist - block bronchocontriction using Ash
5) O2 - improves survival and QOL
6) Pulm rehab (education, exercise, physiotherapy) - to improve exercise tolerance
7) Vaccines: flu, Strep pneumo
8) Antibiotics - for acute exacerbations
What is triple therapy? - ANSWERS-Combination of LAMA, LABA and corticosteroid
When is triple therapy used? - ANSWERS-- high eneosophil count
- asthma
- recent hospitalisation
Why may someone with COPD have polycynthemia? - ANSWERS-Chronic hypoxia
What are the symptoms of pneumonia? - ANSWERS-1. Chronic cough with speutum
2. SoB
3. Temperature, fever, shivering, sweating
4. Chest pain (pleuric pain)
5. Tiredness
