Wgu d427 data management applications

WGU D427 Data Management - Applications t t t t t


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1. database model: A database model is a conceptual framework for databasesyst t t t t t t t t t t t


ems, with three parts:
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- Data structures that prescribe how data is organized.
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- Operations that manipulate data structures. t t t t


- Rules that govern valid data. t t t t


2. relational model: The relational model is a database model based on a tabulardata s t t t t t t t t t t t t t t


tructure.The model was published in 1970 by E.F.Codd of IBM and releasedin commerci
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al products around 1980. The data structure, operations, and rules arestandardized in
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SQL, the universal query language of relational databases.
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3. big data: The rise of the internet in the 1990s generated big data, characterizedby un
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precedented data volumes and rapidly changing data structures. t t t t t t t


4. set: A set is an unordered collection of elements enclosed in braces.
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5. tuple: A tuple is an ordered collection of elements enclosed in parentheses.
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6. table: A table has a name, a fixed tuple of columns, and a varying set of rows.
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7. column: A column has a name and a data type. t t t t t t t t t


8. row: A row is an unnamed tuple of values.Each value corresponds to a columnand b
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elongs to the column's data type. t t t t t


9. data type: A data type is a named set of values, from which column values aredrawn
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.
10. relational algebra: These operations are collectively called relational algebraan t t t t t t t t t


d are the theoretical foundation of the SQL language.
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11. Relational rules: Relational rules are part of the relational model and governdata t t t t t t t t t t t t t


in every relational database.
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12. Business rules: Business rules are based on business policy and specific to aparti t t t t t t t t t t t t t


cular database. t


13. constraints: RelationalrulesareimplementedasSQLconstraintsandenforcedby t t t t t t t t t t t t


he database system.
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14. Structured Query Language / SQL: Structured Query Language (SQL) is ahig t t t t t t t t t t t


h-level computer language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data.
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15. statement: An SQL statement is a complete command composed of one ormor t t t t t t t t t t t t


e clauses.
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16. clause: A clause groups SQL keywords like SELECT, FROM, andWHERE withtabl t t t t t t t t t t t t


e names like City, column names like Name, and conditions like Population > 100000.
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17. Data Definition Language: Data Definition Language (DDL) defines the struc-
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ture of the database.
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18. Data Query Language: Data Query Language (DQL) retrieves data from thedat
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abase.


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, WGU D427 Data Management - Applications t t t t t


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19. Data Manipulation Language: Data Manipulation Language (DML) manipu-
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lates data stored in a database.
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20. Data Control Language: Data Control Language (DCL) controls database useracc
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ess.
21. DataTransactionLanguage: DataTransactionLanguage(DTL)managesdata-
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base transactions.
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22. database system instance: A database system instance is a single executingcop t t t t t t t t t t t


y of a database system. Personal computers usually run just one instance of adatabase
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system. Shared computers, such as computers used for cloud services, usually run mu
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ltiple instances of a database system.
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23. CREATE DATABASE DatabaseName: CREATE DATABASE DatabaseNamecr t t t t t t


eates a new database. t t t


24. DROP DATABASE DatabaseName: DROP DATABASE DatabaseNamed t t t t t t


eletes a database, including all tables in the database.
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25. USE DatabaseName: USE DatabaseName selects a default database for usein s
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ubsequent SQL statements. t t


26. SHOW DATABASES: SHOW DATABASES lists all databases in the databasesys t t t t t t t t t t


tem instance. t


27. SHOWTABLES: SHOW TABLES lists all tables in the default database. t t t t t t t t t t


28. SHOW COLUMNS FROMTableName: SHOW COLUMNS FROM TableNamelist t t t t t t t t


s all columns in the TableName table of the default database.
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29. SHOW CREATE TABLE TableName: SHOW CREATE TABLE TableName show t t t t t t t t


s the CREATETABLE statement for theTableName table of the default data-base.
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30. table: A table has a name, a fixed sequence of columns, and a varying set ofrows.
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31. row: A row is an unnamed sequence of values.Each value corresponds to acolu
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mn and belongs to the column's data type.
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32. cell: A cell is a single column of a single row. t t t t t t t t t t


33. empty table: A table without rows is called an empty table. t t t t t t t t t t


34. data independence: Rule 4 is called data independence.
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35. CREATETABLE: The CREATETABLE statement creates a new table by spec- t t t t t t t t t t t


ifying the table name, column names, and column data types.
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36. DROPTABLE: The DROP TABLE statement deletes a table, along with all thetable
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's rows, from a database.
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37. ALTERTABLE: The ALTER TABLE statement adds, deletes, or modifiescol t t t t t t t t t t


umns on an existing table. t t t t


38. data type: A data type is a named set of values from which column values aredrawn
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.


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39. Integer: Integer data types represent positive and negative integers. t t t t t t t t


40. Decimal: Decimal data types represent numbers with fractional values. t t t t t t t t


41. Character: Character data types represent textual characters. t t t t t t


42. Date and time: Date and time data types represent date, time, or both.Somedate
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and time data types include a time zone or specify a time interval.
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43. Binary: Binary data types store data exactly as the data appears in memory orcomp
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uter files, bit for bit.t t t t


44. Spatial: Spatial data types storegeometric information, such aslines, polygons,and t t t t t t t t t t t t


map coordinates. t


45. Document: Document data types contain textual data in a structured formatsuc t t t t t t t t t t t


h as XML or JSON.
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46. signed: A signed number may be negative. t t t t t t


47. unsigned: An unsigned number cannot be negative. t t t t t t


48. operator / operands: An operator is a symbol that computes a value from oneor mo t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t


re other values, called operands:
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- Arithmetic operators compute numeric values from numeric operands. t t t t t t t


- Comparison operators compute logical valuesTRUE or FALSE. t t t t t t t


- Operands may be numeric, character, and other data types. t t t t t t t t


- Logical operators compute logical values from logical operands.
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49. unary: A unary operator has one operand. t t t t t t


50. binary: A binary operator has two operands. t t t t t t


51. expression: An expression is a string of operators, operands, and parenthesesthat t t t t t t t t t t t t


evaluates to a single value. Operands may be column names or fixed values. The value
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of an expression may be any data type.
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52. operator precedence: Operators in an expression are evaluated in the order ofoper t t t t t t t t t t t t


ator precedence, shown in the table below.Operators of the same precedenceareevalu
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ated from leftto right.Regardless of operator precedence, expressions en-
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closed in parentheses are evaluated before any operators outside the parenthesesare
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applied.
53. SELECT / FROM: The SELECT statement selects rows from a table.The state- t t t t t t t t t t t t


ment has a SELECT clause and a FROM clause. The FROM clause specifies the table fr
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om which rows are selected. The SELECT clause specifies one or more expressions, s
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eparated by commas, that determine what values are returned for each row.
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54. result table: The SELECT statement returns a set of rows, called the resulttable
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.
55. LIMIT: MySQL has a LIMIT clause that limits the number of rows returned by aSELE
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CT statement. t


56. condition: A condition is an expression that evaluates to a logical value. t t t t t t t t t t t




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