Biol201 Final Exam - Concordia
University Questions and Verified
Detailed Answers
evolution - ✔✔Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Grand Unifying Theory - ✔✔possible explanation that is supported by vast
evidence
Plato - ✔✔species have a fixed essence and it does not change
Aristotle - ✔✔introduced scala naturae, all things may be placed on an
unbroken ladder from lower forms to humans, first idea of classifying organisms
Cordus Linneaus - ✔✔species are grouped according to their place in God's great
design, set framework of classification system
Jean-Baptist Pierre Antoine de Monet - ✔✔first to suggest how life changed
over time and why, published Philosophic Zoologique ... combined living species
with fossils and lines of decent, said new species arrive by spontaneous
germination, evolve up scala naturae
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,use and disuse - ✔✔the idea that parts of the body that are used extensively
become larger and stronger, while those that are not used deteriorate - first
principle
Inheritance - ✔✔The process by which physical and biological characteristics are
transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring - second principle
Darwin and Wallace - ✔✔the two individuals who came up with the idea of
natural selection. "On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection" -
finches
natural selection - ✔✔evolution is driven by
Evolution Mechanisms - ✔✔variation, heredity, survival of fittest, natural
selection
variation - evolution mechanism - ✔✔individuals in a species show a wide range
of variation
heredity - evolution mechanism - ✔✔how favorable genes pass on to next
generations
natural selection - evolution mechanism - ✔✔offspring with survival traits
survival of fittest - evolution mechanism - ✔✔some traits combined with certain
environments show more success
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, mutation can cause - ✔✔evolution because the ones with the mutation survive
ex. moths
Evolution is measured as - ✔✔frequency of change in alleles in inheritance
living things have evolved by - ✔✔- earth formed 4.5 billion years ago
- oceans formed 4 billion years ago
- 1st fossils of prokaryotes 3.5 billion years ago
First common ancestor - ✔✔prokaryotes
eukaryotes formed by - ✔✔engulfing prokaryotes that then became
mitochondria and chloroplasts
natural selection - ✔✔A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits.
directional selection - ✔✔Form of natural selection in which the entire curve
moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher
fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve
stabilizing selection - ✔✔Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by
acting against extreme phenotypes (weight of babies at birth)
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
University Questions and Verified
Detailed Answers
evolution - ✔✔Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Grand Unifying Theory - ✔✔possible explanation that is supported by vast
evidence
Plato - ✔✔species have a fixed essence and it does not change
Aristotle - ✔✔introduced scala naturae, all things may be placed on an
unbroken ladder from lower forms to humans, first idea of classifying organisms
Cordus Linneaus - ✔✔species are grouped according to their place in God's great
design, set framework of classification system
Jean-Baptist Pierre Antoine de Monet - ✔✔first to suggest how life changed
over time and why, published Philosophic Zoologique ... combined living species
with fossils and lines of decent, said new species arrive by spontaneous
germination, evolve up scala naturae
1|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,use and disuse - ✔✔the idea that parts of the body that are used extensively
become larger and stronger, while those that are not used deteriorate - first
principle
Inheritance - ✔✔The process by which physical and biological characteristics are
transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring - second principle
Darwin and Wallace - ✔✔the two individuals who came up with the idea of
natural selection. "On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection" -
finches
natural selection - ✔✔evolution is driven by
Evolution Mechanisms - ✔✔variation, heredity, survival of fittest, natural
selection
variation - evolution mechanism - ✔✔individuals in a species show a wide range
of variation
heredity - evolution mechanism - ✔✔how favorable genes pass on to next
generations
natural selection - evolution mechanism - ✔✔offspring with survival traits
survival of fittest - evolution mechanism - ✔✔some traits combined with certain
environments show more success
2|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, mutation can cause - ✔✔evolution because the ones with the mutation survive
ex. moths
Evolution is measured as - ✔✔frequency of change in alleles in inheritance
living things have evolved by - ✔✔- earth formed 4.5 billion years ago
- oceans formed 4 billion years ago
- 1st fossils of prokaryotes 3.5 billion years ago
First common ancestor - ✔✔prokaryotes
eukaryotes formed by - ✔✔engulfing prokaryotes that then became
mitochondria and chloroplasts
natural selection - ✔✔A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits.
directional selection - ✔✔Form of natural selection in which the entire curve
moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher
fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve
stabilizing selection - ✔✔Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by
acting against extreme phenotypes (weight of babies at birth)
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
