Description
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 5TH EDITION, MICHAEL GAZZANIGA,
DIANE HALPERN, ISBN: 978-0-393-93749-7, ISBN-10: 0393937496, ISBN-13: 9780393937497
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
Chapter 4: Consciousness
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
Chapter 6: Learning
Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
Chapter 8: Language, Thinking, and Intelligence
Chapter 9: Human Development
Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
Chapter 13: Personality
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
,CHAPTER 01: The Science of Psychology 6. Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about?
A. the structure and function of the brain
B. mental disorders and their treatments
MULTIPLE CHOICE C. feelings and other subjective states
D. the mind, the brain, and behavior
1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychological science? ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
A. the study of the brain and its function OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology
B. the study of the mind, the brain, and thought processes MSC: Understanding
C. the study of the mind, the brain, and behavior
D. the study of the mind, the psyche, and behavior 7. For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on:
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? A. the brain. C. behaviors.
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology B. disorders. D. the mind.
MSC: Remembering ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology
2. Psychological science is the study of: MSC: Remembering
A. the mind. C. behavior.
B. the brain. D. all of the above. 8. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind?
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? A. Dr. Chu, who studies how weather influences children’s actions on the playground
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology B. Dr. Well, who studies neural activity during sleep cycles of elderly adults
MSC: Remembering C. Dr. Mann, who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over time
D. Dr. East, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight
3. Trying to understand the relationship between the actions of neurons and a thought is an example of ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
the connection between: OBJ: 1.1A
A. the brain and the mind. C. genes and the mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
B. nature and nurture. D. the brain and emotion. MSC: Applying
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology 9. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain?
MSC: Applying A. Dr. Fields, who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individuals
B. Dr. Joe, who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies develop
4. Based on your textbook’s definition of psychology, which statement best reflects the relationship C. Dr. Perez, who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processes
between the mind and the brain? D. Dr. Ladd, who studies the training activities of professional athletes
A. The brain is the same thing as the mind. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
B. The brain influences the mind. OBJ: 1.1A
C. The brain is unrelated to the mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
D. The brain reflects the mind. MSC: Applying
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology 10. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying behavior?
MSC: Applying A. Dr. Wick, who studies how certain smells can trigger certain feelings
B. Dr. Woods, who studies patterns of neural activity related to drug use
5. Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace C. Dr. Paul, who studies the thought processes involved in decision making
believes that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, how would D. Dr. Hull, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight
you resolve this argument? ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
A. Barry is correct. Psychology only studies the mind. OBJ: 1.1A
B. Candace is correct. Psychology only studies behavior. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
C. Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior. MSC: Applying
D. Both are incorrect. Psychology only studies emotions.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? 11. According to your text, amiable skepticism is an important element in a type of reasoning called:
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology A. scholarly inquiry. C. analytic argumentation.
MSC: Understanding B. nay-sayerism. D. critical thinking.
ANS: D DIF: Easy
, REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
Thinking MSC: Remembering
17. The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations for
12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research? psychological phenomena is that:
A. open to new ideas C. wary of scientific findings A. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.
B. carefully considers the facts D. all of the above B. everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.
C. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making
ANS: D DIF: Easy conclusions.
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B D. everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical conclusions.
Thinking MSC: Remembering
ANS: A DIF: Easy
13. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that: REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B
A. is systematic and reasonable. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
B. is open-minded and creative. Thinking MSC: Remembering
C. criticizes others’ opinions.
D. uses inferences but does not solve problems. 18. Taj is writing a paper on global warming. He only includes research findings that support his own
beliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be the result of
ANS: A DIF: Moderate flawed research. This is an example of:
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B A. misunderstanding or not using statistics.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical B. hindsight bias.
Thinking MSC: Remembering C. a failure to accurately judge source credibility.
D. the confirmation bias.
14. Which of the following is an example of using critical thinking and scientific reasoning?
A. believing that sugar causes ADHD because you feel hyper after eating a candy bar ANS: D DIF: Difficult
B. concluding that listening to Mozart improves learning in children after reading an article REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
about this topic in a popular magazine OBJ: 1.1C
C. using a personal example to show how a psychological principle must be wrong NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
D. conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games in Thinking MSC: Applying
improving memory
19. You are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure
ANS: D DIF: Moderate you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do in order to
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B avoid the confirmation bias?
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical A. focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news website
Thinking MSC: Applying B. place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs
C. focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs, since it is the most accurate
15. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? research
A. Researchers deliberately lie about their research findings. D. place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooks
B. There might be significant limitations to the research findings.
C. Research findings are rarely influenced by political and personal agendas. ANS: B DIF: Moderate
D. There is always a single clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it. REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
OBJ: 1.1C
ANS: B DIF: Moderate NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B Thinking MSC: Applying
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying 20. Which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias?
A. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is
16. Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook? negative
A. to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychology B. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is
B. to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science positive
C. to help you define normal versus abnormal behavior so you can recognize mental illness C. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our
D. to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations existing beliefs
ANS: B DIF: Easy D. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against
our existing beliefs
, ANS: C DIF: Moderate
25. Which of the following is an example of the “seeing relationships that do not exist” bias in thinking
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
described in your text?
OBJ: 1.1C
A. Abby thinks she is an above-average dancer, an above-average singer, and an above-
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
average student, even though everyone else thinks she is just average.
Thinking MSC: Understanding
B. Tony underestimates the likelihood of bicycle accidents because he cannot easily recall one
that happened recently.
21. A drug company wants to create an advertisement for a new antidepressant drug. Using your
C. Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam.
knowledge of source credibility, which of the following advertisements would be most persuasive?
D. Ziva believes that she is more likely to make her next shot, because she has made the last
A. an ad that features a celebrity on the set of his or her new pirate movie
three in a row.
B. an ad that features an actor portraying a doctor
C. an ad that features the CEO of the drug company ANS: C DIF: Difficult
D. an ad that features a famous person who has struggled with depression REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
OBJ: 1.1C
ANS: B DIF: Difficult
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
Thinking MSC: Applying
OBJ: 1.1C
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
26. Which of the following is an example of the “misunderstanding or not using statistics” bias in thinking
Thinking MSC: Applying
described in your text?
A. Matt thinks he did well in psychology because he is intelligent, but failed chemistry
22. A drug company is creating a commercial for a new heart medication. Since the evidence for this drug
because his teacher was incompetent.
is weak, they focus on the expertise of the drug company instead of the research findings. This strategy
B. Meredith overestimates the likelihood of airplane accidents because she can easily recall
is known as:
one that happened recently.
A. taking mental shortcuts. C. appeals to authority.
C. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.
B. the hindsight bias. D. the confirmation bias.
D. John believes that a coin that has landed on heads three times in a row is more likely to be
ANS: C DIF: Easy heads the next time it is flipped.
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
ANS: D DIF: Difficult
OBJ: 1.1C
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
OBJ: 1.1C
Thinking MSC: Understanding
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying
23. Which of the following is NOT a reason why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes?
A. People are motivated to use their intelligence.
27. Which of the following is an example of the “taking mental shortcuts” bias in thinking described in
B. People want to make sense of events that happen around them.
your text?
C. The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things.
A. Jack thinks he got an A on his essay because he is a great writer, but got a D on his
D. The human brain is highly efficient at processing multiple streams of information.
communications project because the instructions were too confusing.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate B. Rose overestimates how often cruise ships sink because she can vividly remember the
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think sinking of the Titanic.
OBJ: 1.1C C. Wade believes that he will be funnier on stage if he eats fried chicken before he goes on
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical stage to perform.
Thinking MSC: Remembering D. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult
24. Which of the following is NOT one of the major biases in thinking described in your text?
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
A. misunderstanding or not using statistics
OBJ: 1.1C
B. seeing relationships that do not exist
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
C. failing to accurately judge source credibility
Thinking MSC: Applying
D. ignoring other people’s perspectives
ANS: D DIF: Easy 28. Which of the following is a correct explanation for why the hindsight bias exists?
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think A. Once we know the outcome, we pretend we knew it was going to happen to make
OBJ: 1.1C ourselves feel better.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical B. Once we know the outcome, we reinterpret old evidence to make sense of that outcome.
Thinking MSC: Remembering C. Before we know the outcome, we ignore evidence that contradicts what we believe.
D. Before we know the outcome, we have too much evidence to consider to make an accurate
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 5TH EDITION, MICHAEL GAZZANIGA,
DIANE HALPERN, ISBN: 978-0-393-93749-7, ISBN-10: 0393937496, ISBN-13: 9780393937497
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
Chapter 4: Consciousness
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
Chapter 6: Learning
Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
Chapter 8: Language, Thinking, and Intelligence
Chapter 9: Human Development
Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
Chapter 13: Personality
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
,CHAPTER 01: The Science of Psychology 6. Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about?
A. the structure and function of the brain
B. mental disorders and their treatments
MULTIPLE CHOICE C. feelings and other subjective states
D. the mind, the brain, and behavior
1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychological science? ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
A. the study of the brain and its function OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology
B. the study of the mind, the brain, and thought processes MSC: Understanding
C. the study of the mind, the brain, and behavior
D. the study of the mind, the psyche, and behavior 7. For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on:
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? A. the brain. C. behaviors.
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology B. disorders. D. the mind.
MSC: Remembering ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology
2. Psychological science is the study of: MSC: Remembering
A. the mind. C. behavior.
B. the brain. D. all of the above. 8. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind?
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? A. Dr. Chu, who studies how weather influences children’s actions on the playground
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology B. Dr. Well, who studies neural activity during sleep cycles of elderly adults
MSC: Remembering C. Dr. Mann, who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over time
D. Dr. East, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight
3. Trying to understand the relationship between the actions of neurons and a thought is an example of ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
the connection between: OBJ: 1.1A
A. the brain and the mind. C. genes and the mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
B. nature and nurture. D. the brain and emotion. MSC: Applying
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology 9. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain?
MSC: Applying A. Dr. Fields, who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individuals
B. Dr. Joe, who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies develop
4. Based on your textbook’s definition of psychology, which statement best reflects the relationship C. Dr. Perez, who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processes
between the mind and the brain? D. Dr. Ladd, who studies the training activities of professional athletes
A. The brain is the same thing as the mind. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
B. The brain influences the mind. OBJ: 1.1A
C. The brain is unrelated to the mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
D. The brain reflects the mind. MSC: Applying
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology 10. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying behavior?
MSC: Applying A. Dr. Wick, who studies how certain smells can trigger certain feelings
B. Dr. Woods, who studies patterns of neural activity related to drug use
5. Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace C. Dr. Paul, who studies the thought processes involved in decision making
believes that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, how would D. Dr. Hull, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight
you resolve this argument? ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science?
A. Barry is correct. Psychology only studies the mind. OBJ: 1.1A
B. Candace is correct. Psychology only studies behavior. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development
C. Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior. MSC: Applying
D. Both are incorrect. Psychology only studies emotions.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? 11. According to your text, amiable skepticism is an important element in a type of reasoning called:
OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology A. scholarly inquiry. C. analytic argumentation.
MSC: Understanding B. nay-sayerism. D. critical thinking.
ANS: D DIF: Easy
, REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering
Thinking MSC: Remembering
17. The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations for
12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research? psychological phenomena is that:
A. open to new ideas C. wary of scientific findings A. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.
B. carefully considers the facts D. all of the above B. everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.
C. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making
ANS: D DIF: Easy conclusions.
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B D. everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical conclusions.
Thinking MSC: Remembering
ANS: A DIF: Easy
13. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that: REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B
A. is systematic and reasonable. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
B. is open-minded and creative. Thinking MSC: Remembering
C. criticizes others’ opinions.
D. uses inferences but does not solve problems. 18. Taj is writing a paper on global warming. He only includes research findings that support his own
beliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be the result of
ANS: A DIF: Moderate flawed research. This is an example of:
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B A. misunderstanding or not using statistics.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical B. hindsight bias.
Thinking MSC: Remembering C. a failure to accurately judge source credibility.
D. the confirmation bias.
14. Which of the following is an example of using critical thinking and scientific reasoning?
A. believing that sugar causes ADHD because you feel hyper after eating a candy bar ANS: D DIF: Difficult
B. concluding that listening to Mozart improves learning in children after reading an article REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
about this topic in a popular magazine OBJ: 1.1C
C. using a personal example to show how a psychological principle must be wrong NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
D. conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games in Thinking MSC: Applying
improving memory
19. You are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure
ANS: D DIF: Moderate you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do in order to
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B avoid the confirmation bias?
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical A. focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news website
Thinking MSC: Applying B. place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs
C. focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs, since it is the most accurate
15. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? research
A. Researchers deliberately lie about their research findings. D. place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooks
B. There might be significant limitations to the research findings.
C. Research findings are rarely influenced by political and personal agendas. ANS: B DIF: Moderate
D. There is always a single clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it. REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
OBJ: 1.1C
ANS: B DIF: Moderate NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B Thinking MSC: Applying
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying 20. Which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias?
A. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is
16. Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook? negative
A. to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychology B. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is
B. to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science positive
C. to help you define normal versus abnormal behavior so you can recognize mental illness C. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our
D. to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations existing beliefs
ANS: B DIF: Easy D. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against
our existing beliefs
, ANS: C DIF: Moderate
25. Which of the following is an example of the “seeing relationships that do not exist” bias in thinking
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
described in your text?
OBJ: 1.1C
A. Abby thinks she is an above-average dancer, an above-average singer, and an above-
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
average student, even though everyone else thinks she is just average.
Thinking MSC: Understanding
B. Tony underestimates the likelihood of bicycle accidents because he cannot easily recall one
that happened recently.
21. A drug company wants to create an advertisement for a new antidepressant drug. Using your
C. Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam.
knowledge of source credibility, which of the following advertisements would be most persuasive?
D. Ziva believes that she is more likely to make her next shot, because she has made the last
A. an ad that features a celebrity on the set of his or her new pirate movie
three in a row.
B. an ad that features an actor portraying a doctor
C. an ad that features the CEO of the drug company ANS: C DIF: Difficult
D. an ad that features a famous person who has struggled with depression REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
OBJ: 1.1C
ANS: B DIF: Difficult
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
Thinking MSC: Applying
OBJ: 1.1C
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
26. Which of the following is an example of the “misunderstanding or not using statistics” bias in thinking
Thinking MSC: Applying
described in your text?
A. Matt thinks he did well in psychology because he is intelligent, but failed chemistry
22. A drug company is creating a commercial for a new heart medication. Since the evidence for this drug
because his teacher was incompetent.
is weak, they focus on the expertise of the drug company instead of the research findings. This strategy
B. Meredith overestimates the likelihood of airplane accidents because she can easily recall
is known as:
one that happened recently.
A. taking mental shortcuts. C. appeals to authority.
C. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.
B. the hindsight bias. D. the confirmation bias.
D. John believes that a coin that has landed on heads three times in a row is more likely to be
ANS: C DIF: Easy heads the next time it is flipped.
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
ANS: D DIF: Difficult
OBJ: 1.1C
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
OBJ: 1.1C
Thinking MSC: Understanding
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
Thinking MSC: Applying
23. Which of the following is NOT a reason why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes?
A. People are motivated to use their intelligence.
27. Which of the following is an example of the “taking mental shortcuts” bias in thinking described in
B. People want to make sense of events that happen around them.
your text?
C. The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things.
A. Jack thinks he got an A on his essay because he is a great writer, but got a D on his
D. The human brain is highly efficient at processing multiple streams of information.
communications project because the instructions were too confusing.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate B. Rose overestimates how often cruise ships sink because she can vividly remember the
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think sinking of the Titanic.
OBJ: 1.1C C. Wade believes that he will be funnier on stage if he eats fried chicken before he goes on
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical stage to perform.
Thinking MSC: Remembering D. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult
24. Which of the following is NOT one of the major biases in thinking described in your text?
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think
A. misunderstanding or not using statistics
OBJ: 1.1C
B. seeing relationships that do not exist
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical
C. failing to accurately judge source credibility
Thinking MSC: Applying
D. ignoring other people’s perspectives
ANS: D DIF: Easy 28. Which of the following is a correct explanation for why the hindsight bias exists?
REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think A. Once we know the outcome, we pretend we knew it was going to happen to make
OBJ: 1.1C ourselves feel better.
NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical B. Once we know the outcome, we reinterpret old evidence to make sense of that outcome.
Thinking MSC: Remembering C. Before we know the outcome, we ignore evidence that contradicts what we believe.
D. Before we know the outcome, we have too much evidence to consider to make an accurate
