Biochem Module 10 Exam Solution Manual Already Passed Rated A+

Biochem Module 10 Exam Solution Manual Already Passed Rated A+ DNA is replicated by _____ - Answers polymerases DNA polymerase catalyzes the _____ formation - Answers phosphodiester linkage DNA replication requires the activated precursors: ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___ ion - Answers dATP, dCTP, dGTP, TTP, Mg2+ the new DNA strand is assembled directly on a preexisting DNA ____ - Answers template DNA polymerases require a ____ to begin synthesis A ^^ strand has a free ___ end Formation of the phosphodiester linkage releases ____ Polymerization is driven by ____ Elongation procedes in the __ to __ direction - Answers primer 3'-OH PPi hydrolysis of PPi 5' to 3' many DNA polymerases are able to correct mistakes in DNA by removing ____ nucleotides - Answers mismatched DNA polymerase I has three distinct active sites: - Answers polymerase site, 3'-5' exonuclease site, 5'-3' exonuclease site the specificity of replication is dictated by ____ and ____ - Answers complementarity of bases, induced fit the separation of DNA strands requires specific ____ and ____ - Answers helicases, ATP hydrolysis Werner syndrome characterized by premature aging is the result of defects in ____ activity - Answers helicase _____ prepare the double helix for unwinding by introducing or eliminating ____ - Answers topoisomerase, supercoils ____, a topoisomerase, is the target of antibacterial drugs, such as those for UTIs or anthrax inhibition - Answers DNA gyrate ______ removes mismatched nucleotides from the 3' end by hydrolysis - Answers DNA polymerase I exonuclease If a wrong nucleotide is inserted, it is not held as tight and flops into the exonuclease site. This flopping is known as ____ - Answers Brownian motion In E. coli, DNA replication starts at a single site, known as ____ - Answers oriC locus The oriClocus contains four copies of a sequence that are preferred binding sites for the origin-specific protein ___. The sequence is rich in __ pairs - Answers DnaA AT The ___ protein is a helices that utilizes ATP hydrolysis to unwind the duplex - Answers DnaB ___ proteins bind to the newly generated single-strand regions, preventing two complementary strands from re-forming the double helix - Answers single-strand binding (SSB) all the proteins that initially bind DNA are referred to as ____ - Answers prepriming complex ___ primes the synthesis of DNA - Answers RNA a specialized RNA polymerase called ___ joins the prepriming complex in a multisubunit assembly called the ___ - Answers primase, primosome the site of DNA synthesis is called the ____ - Answers replication fork a significant proportion of newly synthesized DNA exists as small fragments, known as ____. As replication proceeds, they are joined by ____ - Answers okazaki fragments, DNA ligase the enzyme responsible for synthesis is _____ - Answers DNA polymerase III ability of an enzyme to catalyze many consecutive reactions without release its substrate - Answers processivity the __ subunit plats a key role in replication by serving as a sliding DNA clamp - Answers beta2 the mode of synthesizing the lagging strand is known as ____ - Answers trombone model DNA in eukaryotes has multiple _____ - Answers origins of replication each origin of replication is known as a ____ - Answers replicon proteins called ____ ensure that each replicon is replicated only once - Answers licensing factors An initiator polymerase called _____ beings replication - Answers polymerase alpha the principal replicator is ____ - Answers DNA polymerase delta _____ are unique structures at the ends of linear chromosomes - Answers telomeres telomerase reactivation is one of the hallmarks of ____ - Answers cancer initiates DNA synthesis - Answers primase synthesizes the new DNA strand - Answers DNA polymerases unwinds DNA - Answers helicases keeps strand unwound - Answers single strand binding proteins relax and unravel overwound DNA - Answers topoisomerases DNA is synthesized in the ____ direction - Answers 5' to 3' E. coli replication begins at ___ and ends at ___ - Answers oriC, ter eukaryotic cells have about ____ origins of replication and terminate through collisions of ____ - Answers 30,000, replication forks ____ is the enzyme used to extend telomere length - Answers telomerase misincorpotation of a base pair occurs approximately ____ base pairs - Answers 1/10^6 permanent changes in the DNA sequence - Answers mutagenic error-fixing DNA polymerases - Answers translesion or error-prone polymerases ____ can result from long tandem arrays of repeats of three nucleotides - Answers Huntington disease bases can be damaged by _____, ______, ___, ___, and ____ - Answers oxidizing agents, alkylating agents, light, deamination, ionizing radiation system with two-proteins, one for detecting the mismatch and one for recruiting an endonuclease that cleaves the newly synthesized DNA strand lost to the lesion. An exonuclease excises the incorrect base, and a polymerase fills the gap. - Answers mismatch repair