Rutgers Science of Food Exam 1 Q&A
100% Guaranteed Pass
Open Dating - ✔✔Found primarily on perishable foods such as meat, poultry,
eggs and dairy products
Closed Dating - ✔✔Appears on shelf-stable products such as cans and boxed
food
Sell-By - ✔✔Tells the store how long to display the product for sale; cook or
freeze product
Use-By - ✔✔The last date recommended for the use of the product while at
peak quality; date determined by manufacturer
Best if Used by - ✔✔Recommended for best flavor or quality; not a purchase or
safety date
Codes with just some date - ✔✔o Packing numbers or codes are for use by the
manufacturer to locate and track in the event of recall
o These codes, which appear as a series of letters and/or numbers, might refer
to the date or time of manufacture
o They aren't meant for the consumer to interpret as "use by" dates. There is no
book or Web site that tells how to translate the codes into dates
1|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,o Cans may also display "open" or calendar dates. Usually these are "best if
used by" dates for peak quality
Which dates are most important with respect to food safety - ✔✔Use by and
Freeze by
Spoilage Bacteria - ✔✔Foods can develop off odors, flavors or appearance
because of, don't use
What happens if food are mishandled? - ✔✔Bacteria can grow and cause food-
borne illnesses even before the date
What percentage of America's labor force is in agriculture/food production
today? - ✔✔1.9%
What are grocerants? - ✔✔Supermarkets that stock shelves with prepared
foods and offer in store dining
Supermarket - ✔✔Deeply fascinating, intensely curious to a few, very many
sections and choices, laid out systematically, array of food choices
· More than 320,000 edible products for sale in US
· Large supermarkets carry about 40,000 of them
· Design of large spaces, aisles, sections have one mission: To expose customers
to more products than they had intended originally on buying
2|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,· Kids in their spaces in carts- Faraway views made easy
Floral Department - ✔✔Nearly always located by the entryway as it boosts the
store's image in the shopper's mind through the bright colors and fragrant
smells
Bakery - ✔✔The wafting smell of freshly baked breads, cakes and cookies
causes a psychological reaction that makes shoppers hungry, which often causes
them to buy more
Rotisserie chicken roasting - ✔✔In the deli area, those smells get your salivary
glands working. When you're salivating, you're a much less disciplined shopper
Types of lettuce? - ✔✔Iceberg, Romaine, Butterhead, Leaf
Iceberg - ✔✔Head lettuce that is very low in nutritional value and flavor, most
abundant nutrient is water
Why wash lettuce? - ✔✔To remove the majority of the harmful microbes
Spinach - ✔✔High in vitamins A&C
High in iron & folate
Good source of magnesium
Kale - ✔✔Good source of vitamins A&C
Good source of Calcium and Potassium
3|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, Salad Greens - ✔✔Spinach, Kale, etc. can be cooked or baked
What is Freshness? - ✔✔Refers to foods that spoil faster than others
What is an important factor that affects the quality of fruits & vegetables -
✔✔Maintaining the cold chain
Fresh Produce - ✔✔Often subject to processing before it hits the shelves
Why is locally grown produce better? - ✔✔Conservation of fuel resources
Economic viability of local communities
Freshness
Better Taste
Why eat blueberries? - ✔✔Delicious in Season
Where do fruits develop? - ✔✔From a flower
What are other parts of the plant? - ✔✔Stem
Leaves
Roots
Flower bud
ALL CONSIDERED VEGETABLES
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - ✔✔Should aim for:
2+ cups of fruit a day
4|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
100% Guaranteed Pass
Open Dating - ✔✔Found primarily on perishable foods such as meat, poultry,
eggs and dairy products
Closed Dating - ✔✔Appears on shelf-stable products such as cans and boxed
food
Sell-By - ✔✔Tells the store how long to display the product for sale; cook or
freeze product
Use-By - ✔✔The last date recommended for the use of the product while at
peak quality; date determined by manufacturer
Best if Used by - ✔✔Recommended for best flavor or quality; not a purchase or
safety date
Codes with just some date - ✔✔o Packing numbers or codes are for use by the
manufacturer to locate and track in the event of recall
o These codes, which appear as a series of letters and/or numbers, might refer
to the date or time of manufacture
o They aren't meant for the consumer to interpret as "use by" dates. There is no
book or Web site that tells how to translate the codes into dates
1|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,o Cans may also display "open" or calendar dates. Usually these are "best if
used by" dates for peak quality
Which dates are most important with respect to food safety - ✔✔Use by and
Freeze by
Spoilage Bacteria - ✔✔Foods can develop off odors, flavors or appearance
because of, don't use
What happens if food are mishandled? - ✔✔Bacteria can grow and cause food-
borne illnesses even before the date
What percentage of America's labor force is in agriculture/food production
today? - ✔✔1.9%
What are grocerants? - ✔✔Supermarkets that stock shelves with prepared
foods and offer in store dining
Supermarket - ✔✔Deeply fascinating, intensely curious to a few, very many
sections and choices, laid out systematically, array of food choices
· More than 320,000 edible products for sale in US
· Large supermarkets carry about 40,000 of them
· Design of large spaces, aisles, sections have one mission: To expose customers
to more products than they had intended originally on buying
2|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,· Kids in their spaces in carts- Faraway views made easy
Floral Department - ✔✔Nearly always located by the entryway as it boosts the
store's image in the shopper's mind through the bright colors and fragrant
smells
Bakery - ✔✔The wafting smell of freshly baked breads, cakes and cookies
causes a psychological reaction that makes shoppers hungry, which often causes
them to buy more
Rotisserie chicken roasting - ✔✔In the deli area, those smells get your salivary
glands working. When you're salivating, you're a much less disciplined shopper
Types of lettuce? - ✔✔Iceberg, Romaine, Butterhead, Leaf
Iceberg - ✔✔Head lettuce that is very low in nutritional value and flavor, most
abundant nutrient is water
Why wash lettuce? - ✔✔To remove the majority of the harmful microbes
Spinach - ✔✔High in vitamins A&C
High in iron & folate
Good source of magnesium
Kale - ✔✔Good source of vitamins A&C
Good source of Calcium and Potassium
3|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, Salad Greens - ✔✔Spinach, Kale, etc. can be cooked or baked
What is Freshness? - ✔✔Refers to foods that spoil faster than others
What is an important factor that affects the quality of fruits & vegetables -
✔✔Maintaining the cold chain
Fresh Produce - ✔✔Often subject to processing before it hits the shelves
Why is locally grown produce better? - ✔✔Conservation of fuel resources
Economic viability of local communities
Freshness
Better Taste
Why eat blueberries? - ✔✔Delicious in Season
Where do fruits develop? - ✔✔From a flower
What are other parts of the plant? - ✔✔Stem
Leaves
Roots
Flower bud
ALL CONSIDERED VEGETABLES
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - ✔✔Should aim for:
2+ cups of fruit a day
4|Page
©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
