ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate New
Study Set With 100% Verified Solutions!!
2025-2026 NEWEST
Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage
Cellular Structure and Function - Focus
The Normal Cell Cycle - Answer >>-The cell cycle represents the ordered
series of processes of DNA replication and mitosis or cell division
-Cell nucleus supervises these processes through collection and processing complex
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - Answer >>Cellular division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
During interphase: - Answer >>Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following
three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - Answer >>-cells increase in size
,-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) - Answer >>-DNA replicates
-results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) - Answer >>-Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated,
and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from - Answer >>-G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
,Restriction Point - Answer >>-The point where a cell is in a resting phase to an actively
dividing phase G0-G1 is a point of cellular transformation
-Cell pass through a transition phase in this time known as restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors stimulate the reentry into G1 and GF are required for
sending the cells past the restriction point, or point of no return
G0 Phase-resting phase - Answer >>-Following mitosis, cells can re-enter the G1 phase
or enter a resting phase, called G0
-Most cells in the human body are resident in G0
-Exceptions to this include those that are (Resting in G0 phase) - Answer >>-Exceptions
to this include those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time - Answer >>Time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image - Answer >>
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation_
_how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control - Answer >>-The cell cycle is
, tightly regulated by a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the
genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and
disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins: - Answer >>1.
cyclines (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs - Answer >>-(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and
CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins - Answer >>-stop the cycle from proceeding when DNA damage is
detected
Study Set With 100% Verified Solutions!!
2025-2026 NEWEST
Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage
Cellular Structure and Function - Focus
The Normal Cell Cycle - Answer >>-The cell cycle represents the ordered
series of processes of DNA replication and mitosis or cell division
-Cell nucleus supervises these processes through collection and processing complex
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - Answer >>Cellular division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
During interphase: - Answer >>Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following
three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - Answer >>-cells increase in size
,-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) - Answer >>-DNA replicates
-results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) - Answer >>-Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated,
and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from - Answer >>-G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
,Restriction Point - Answer >>-The point where a cell is in a resting phase to an actively
dividing phase G0-G1 is a point of cellular transformation
-Cell pass through a transition phase in this time known as restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors stimulate the reentry into G1 and GF are required for
sending the cells past the restriction point, or point of no return
G0 Phase-resting phase - Answer >>-Following mitosis, cells can re-enter the G1 phase
or enter a resting phase, called G0
-Most cells in the human body are resident in G0
-Exceptions to this include those that are (Resting in G0 phase) - Answer >>-Exceptions
to this include those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time - Answer >>Time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image - Answer >>
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation_
_how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control - Answer >>-The cell cycle is
, tightly regulated by a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the
genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and
disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins: - Answer >>1.
cyclines (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs - Answer >>-(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and
CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins - Answer >>-stop the cycle from proceeding when DNA damage is
detected
