EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What Is Evidence-Based Practice? - ANS-Synthesis of knowledge (research, patient circumstances,
values, and clinical experiences)
Making a change in practice and evaluating it
promotes quality, safe, and cost-effective outcomes for
patients, families, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system
T/F: EBP is a one size fits all approach to healthcare - ANS-FALSE
T/F: EBP is a cost cutting practice or method for rationing healthcare services - ANS-FALSE
nursing research - ANS-systematic inquiry to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of importance
to nurses and their clients
clinical nursing research - ANS-nursing research designed to guide nursing practice
2 kinds of research - ANS-basic - extending information for sake of knowledge
applied - discovering solutions to immediate problems
4 general purposes of research - ANS-describe (identify and understand nursing phenomena, measure
AT LEAST ONE THING)
explain (clarify relationships, see why events occur, measure AT LEAST 2 THINGS and connect them)
predict (estimate probability of a specific outcome, measure AT LEAST 2 THINGS, one thing happens
before the other, connect them)
control (manipulate to produce desired outcome, DO something, SEE what happens to something else
and measure)
in the 1850's, this person was named the first nurse researcher - ANS-Florence nightingale
What is Florence nightingale's research work? - ANS-initial studies focused on the importance of a
healthy environment in promoting patients' physical and mental well-being.
,studied ventilation, cleanliness, purity of water, and diet to determine their influence on patients' health
also noted for her data collection and analyses (mortality rates), especially during the Crimean War.
changed the attitudes of the military and society about the care of the sick.
Because of Nightingale's research evidence and influence, society began to accept responsibility for
testing public water, improving sanitation, preventing starvation, and decreasing morbidity and
mortality rates
Identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among the
phenomena are examples of __________?
a. Description
b. Explanation
c. Prediction
d. Control - ANS-Description and Explanation
T/F Quantitative research involves identification - ANS-False
T/F Quantitative research involves prediction & control - ANS-True
T/F both quantitative and qualitative data involve description, exploration and explanation - ANS-True
focuses on examining results of care and determining the changes in health status for the patient - ANS-
outcomes research
a researcher who does not disclose that a portion of the data from the original study sample was not
used in the final data analysis could be accused of:
A. Infidelity
B. Lack of scientific objectivity
C. Plagiarism
D. Scientific misconduct - ANS-Scientific misconduct; includes fabrication, falsification or forging
therapeutic versus non therapeutic research - ANS-therapeutic: results might benefit participants
non-therapeutic: results don't benefit participants but might in the future
What ar 3 ethical principles addressed in the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects
guidelines - ANS-respect for persons (no coercion), beneficence (do no harm), justice (fair treatment)
what principle describes this:
individuals should be treated as autonomous agents
persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection - ANS-respect for person
what principle describes this:
max possible benefits and minimize possible harms - ANS-beneficence
, what principle describes this:
fairness in distribution or what is deserved - ANS-justice
what are the principles of respect for persons - ANS-self-determination
no coercion
full disclosure, no deception
voluntary consent
special protection for those with diminished autonomy
what are the principles of beneficence - ANS-freedom from harm
freedom from exploitation
risk/benefit rations
high anticipated benefits may balance high risks
what are the principles of justice - ANS-Fair treatment (even if the person chooses not to participate)
Right to privacy
Anonymity
Confidentiality
what are the 5 human rights that require protection in research? - ANS-right to self determination
(freedom to conduct their lives as they chose)
right to privacy (freedom to determine the time, extent, and general circumstance where private info
will be shared)
right to anonymity and confidentiality (no one knows the identity of the subjects; refrains from sharing
info with others)
right to fair treatment (based on justice)
right to protection from discomfort and harm (no anticipated effects, temporary discomfort, risk of
permanent damage)
ways that right to self-determination would be violated - ANS-coercion
covert data collection
deception
the nurse researcher is involved in selecting a sample for an outcomes research study on staffing ratios.
Which is a generally accepted guideline to follow?
a. specific patients are represented
b. heterogeneous samples are preferred
c. random sampling is very desirable
d. small samples are needed - ANS-heterogeneous and large samples are preferred because they
represent a wider population
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What Is Evidence-Based Practice? - ANS-Synthesis of knowledge (research, patient circumstances,
values, and clinical experiences)
Making a change in practice and evaluating it
promotes quality, safe, and cost-effective outcomes for
patients, families, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system
T/F: EBP is a one size fits all approach to healthcare - ANS-FALSE
T/F: EBP is a cost cutting practice or method for rationing healthcare services - ANS-FALSE
nursing research - ANS-systematic inquiry to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of importance
to nurses and their clients
clinical nursing research - ANS-nursing research designed to guide nursing practice
2 kinds of research - ANS-basic - extending information for sake of knowledge
applied - discovering solutions to immediate problems
4 general purposes of research - ANS-describe (identify and understand nursing phenomena, measure
AT LEAST ONE THING)
explain (clarify relationships, see why events occur, measure AT LEAST 2 THINGS and connect them)
predict (estimate probability of a specific outcome, measure AT LEAST 2 THINGS, one thing happens
before the other, connect them)
control (manipulate to produce desired outcome, DO something, SEE what happens to something else
and measure)
in the 1850's, this person was named the first nurse researcher - ANS-Florence nightingale
What is Florence nightingale's research work? - ANS-initial studies focused on the importance of a
healthy environment in promoting patients' physical and mental well-being.
,studied ventilation, cleanliness, purity of water, and diet to determine their influence on patients' health
also noted for her data collection and analyses (mortality rates), especially during the Crimean War.
changed the attitudes of the military and society about the care of the sick.
Because of Nightingale's research evidence and influence, society began to accept responsibility for
testing public water, improving sanitation, preventing starvation, and decreasing morbidity and
mortality rates
Identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among the
phenomena are examples of __________?
a. Description
b. Explanation
c. Prediction
d. Control - ANS-Description and Explanation
T/F Quantitative research involves identification - ANS-False
T/F Quantitative research involves prediction & control - ANS-True
T/F both quantitative and qualitative data involve description, exploration and explanation - ANS-True
focuses on examining results of care and determining the changes in health status for the patient - ANS-
outcomes research
a researcher who does not disclose that a portion of the data from the original study sample was not
used in the final data analysis could be accused of:
A. Infidelity
B. Lack of scientific objectivity
C. Plagiarism
D. Scientific misconduct - ANS-Scientific misconduct; includes fabrication, falsification or forging
therapeutic versus non therapeutic research - ANS-therapeutic: results might benefit participants
non-therapeutic: results don't benefit participants but might in the future
What ar 3 ethical principles addressed in the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects
guidelines - ANS-respect for persons (no coercion), beneficence (do no harm), justice (fair treatment)
what principle describes this:
individuals should be treated as autonomous agents
persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection - ANS-respect for person
what principle describes this:
max possible benefits and minimize possible harms - ANS-beneficence
, what principle describes this:
fairness in distribution or what is deserved - ANS-justice
what are the principles of respect for persons - ANS-self-determination
no coercion
full disclosure, no deception
voluntary consent
special protection for those with diminished autonomy
what are the principles of beneficence - ANS-freedom from harm
freedom from exploitation
risk/benefit rations
high anticipated benefits may balance high risks
what are the principles of justice - ANS-Fair treatment (even if the person chooses not to participate)
Right to privacy
Anonymity
Confidentiality
what are the 5 human rights that require protection in research? - ANS-right to self determination
(freedom to conduct their lives as they chose)
right to privacy (freedom to determine the time, extent, and general circumstance where private info
will be shared)
right to anonymity and confidentiality (no one knows the identity of the subjects; refrains from sharing
info with others)
right to fair treatment (based on justice)
right to protection from discomfort and harm (no anticipated effects, temporary discomfort, risk of
permanent damage)
ways that right to self-determination would be violated - ANS-coercion
covert data collection
deception
the nurse researcher is involved in selecting a sample for an outcomes research study on staffing ratios.
Which is a generally accepted guideline to follow?
a. specific patients are represented
b. heterogeneous samples are preferred
c. random sampling is very desirable
d. small samples are needed - ANS-heterogeneous and large samples are preferred because they
represent a wider population
