GRE Psych: Research Methods, Stats, Test,
Measurements UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
William Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER - founded the first psychology laboratory
Oswald Kulpe - CORRECT ANSWER - believed that there could imageless thoughts. in
opposition to Wendt's believe that all thoughts needed an image
hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a tentative and testable explaination of the
relationship between two or more variables
variable - CORRECT ANSWER - a characteristic or property that varies in amount or kind
and can be measured
operational definitions - CORRECT ANSWER - how a researcher defines the variables in
the experiment
independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - variable whose effect is being studied and
is the one that is manipulated. can have multiple levels
dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - response that is expected to vary with
differences in the independent variable
correlational study - CORRECT ANSWER - study design where the researcher does NOT
manipulate the IV
true experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - study design where the IV is manipulated and
subjects are randomly assigned to groups
, quasi-experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - study design where the IV is manipulated by
subjects are not randomly assigned to groups
naturalistic observation/field study - CORRECT ANSWER - researcher does not intervene
at all, just measures behavior as it naturally occurs
representative sample - CORRECT ANSWER - subset of the population of interest that
matches as many characteristics as possible with the population
stratified random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER - technique that ensures that relevant
subgroups of the population are randomly sampled in proportion to size
population - CORRECT ANSWER - group to which the researcher wishes to generalize
her results
between-subjects design - CORRECT ANSWER - each subject is exposed to only one
level of each independent variable. there is no one to one pairing between the individuals in each
group
matched-subjects design - CORRECT ANSWER - when you ensure that each group as
roughly the same level of whatever variable it is you want to control by doing a one-to-one
pairing. each subject is exposed only to one level of the IV
within-subjects/repeated-measure design - CORRECT ANSWER - pairing each subject
with themselves so that their own initial performance is he basis for comparison. the key is that
each subject is exposed to both IV conditions
counterbalancing - CORRECT ANSWER - when doing within-subjects design you make it
so that half of the subjects do treatment B first while the other half do treatment A first. to ensure
that any differences in the two tests are due to the IV and not just bc they doing the same thing
twice in a row
Measurements UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
William Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER - founded the first psychology laboratory
Oswald Kulpe - CORRECT ANSWER - believed that there could imageless thoughts. in
opposition to Wendt's believe that all thoughts needed an image
hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a tentative and testable explaination of the
relationship between two or more variables
variable - CORRECT ANSWER - a characteristic or property that varies in amount or kind
and can be measured
operational definitions - CORRECT ANSWER - how a researcher defines the variables in
the experiment
independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - variable whose effect is being studied and
is the one that is manipulated. can have multiple levels
dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER - response that is expected to vary with
differences in the independent variable
correlational study - CORRECT ANSWER - study design where the researcher does NOT
manipulate the IV
true experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - study design where the IV is manipulated and
subjects are randomly assigned to groups
, quasi-experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - study design where the IV is manipulated by
subjects are not randomly assigned to groups
naturalistic observation/field study - CORRECT ANSWER - researcher does not intervene
at all, just measures behavior as it naturally occurs
representative sample - CORRECT ANSWER - subset of the population of interest that
matches as many characteristics as possible with the population
stratified random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER - technique that ensures that relevant
subgroups of the population are randomly sampled in proportion to size
population - CORRECT ANSWER - group to which the researcher wishes to generalize
her results
between-subjects design - CORRECT ANSWER - each subject is exposed to only one
level of each independent variable. there is no one to one pairing between the individuals in each
group
matched-subjects design - CORRECT ANSWER - when you ensure that each group as
roughly the same level of whatever variable it is you want to control by doing a one-to-one
pairing. each subject is exposed only to one level of the IV
within-subjects/repeated-measure design - CORRECT ANSWER - pairing each subject
with themselves so that their own initial performance is he basis for comparison. the key is that
each subject is exposed to both IV conditions
counterbalancing - CORRECT ANSWER - when doing within-subjects design you make it
so that half of the subjects do treatment B first while the other half do treatment A first. to ensure
that any differences in the two tests are due to the IV and not just bc they doing the same thing
twice in a row
