ABDOMINAL WALL:
16.) Which does not pass into inguinal ring?
Ans: Iliohypogastric nerve
1.) What is the direction of the natural lines of the cleavage on the skin of the trunk?
17.) Which is not found in the inguinal canal?
Ans: Horizontal
Ans: Femoral nerve
2.) Tubular sheath of the penis:
18.) The right testicular vein drains into
Ans: Scarpa’s fascia/Membranous layer
Ans: Inferior vena cava
3.) Origin of external oblique:
19.) What layer is the cremasteric fascia derived from?
Ans: Lower eight ribs
Ans: Internal oblique muscle
4.) What is formed by the lower most tendinous fibers from internal oblique and transversus?
20.) What layer is the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived?
Ans: Conjoint tendon
Ans: Transversalis fascia
5.) What layer of the abdominal wall is the superficial inguinal canal found?
21.) Cremasteric reflex… Nerve involved?
Ans: External oblique
Ans: Genitofemoral nerve
6.) Origin of rectus abdominis:
22.) True or False: The tunica vaginalis is derived from the processus vaginalis:
Ans: Pubic crest and Symphysis pubis
Ans: True
7.) Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle:
23.) What fibrous tissue surrounds the testis?
Ans: Linea Semilunaris
Ans: Tunica albuginea
8.) Anterior wall of the rectus sheath above anterior iliac spine and blow costal margin:
24.) What is supplied by the femoral nerve?
Ans: External and internal oblique
Ans: Iliacus muscle
9.) Posterior wall of rectus sheath: th
25.) Fixes the 12 rib during respiration
Ans: No posterior wall below anterior iliac spine and above pubis
Ans: Quadratus lumborum
10.) What muscle in the anterior abdominal wall flexes the vertebral column?
26.) What innervates the central part of the diaphragmatic wall?
Ans: Rectus abdominis muscle
Ans: Phrenic nerve
11.) What layer of the abdomen forms the femoral sheath:
27.) Which of the following is remnant of the fetal vitelline duct?
Ans: Transversalis Fascia & Fascia Iliaca
Ans: Meckel’s diverticulum
12.) Which of the following supplies upper central region of the anterior abdominal wall?
28.) You asked to perform umbilical vein catheterization on the patient. Where will you insert the
Ans: Superior epigastric artery
catheter?
Ans: 12 oclock
13.) Which of the following supplies the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall
Ans: Deep circumflex iliac artery
29.) A 65 yearl old mother showed bulge on the right inguinal region. On examination, you notice a
bulge lateral to the pubic tubercle below the inguinal ligament. What could this be?
14.) In case of portal vein obstruction the veins around the umbilicus become grossly distended
Ans: Femoral Hernia
producing a clinical picture referred as caput medusa:
Ans: Paraumbilical veins 30.) During surgery, you observed that the inguinal bulge is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.
What type of hernia?
15.) Layer of anterior abdominal wall that form deep inguinal ring Ans: Direct inguinal hernia
Ans: Transversalis fascia
,31.) Which of the following incision will not traverse a muscle? ABDOMINAL CAVITY:
Ans: Midline
32.) Where is petit’s hernia found?
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA (page 217)
Ans: Lumbar triangle
3 anterior visceral branches:
33.) Female complained of epigastric pain. Diagnose with pneumonia. There is referred pain. What is Celiac Artery,
involved? Superior Mesenteric &
Ans: Iliohypogastric nerve Inferior Mesenteric Artery
3 lateral visceral branches:
34.) A 2 y.o came in due to straw colored urine in fluid coming out from the umbilicus. Tshirt is stained
Suprarenal Artery,
with red and with ammonical odor. What is the condition? Renal Artery &
Ans: Patent urachus Testicular/Ovarian Artery
35.) A child with enlarged scrotum. Ultrasound revealed fluid accumulation with no communication 3 terminal branches:
with peritoneal cavity. What is the condition? (2) Common Iliac Arteries &
Ans: Hydrocele Median Sacral Artery
TRIBUTARIES OF INFERIOR VENA CAVA (page 218)
36.) What nerve supplies the anterior abdominal wall at the level above the pubis?
Ans: L1 2 anterior visceral tributaries:
the hepatic veins
37.) Common site of infection
Ans: Umbilicus (omphalitis) 3 lateral visceral tributaries:
Right Suprarenal Vein,
Renal Vein &
38.) Level of testicular artery Right Testicular/Ovarian Vein
Ans: L2
5 lateral abdominal wall tributaries:
39.) Testicular lymph vessels Inferior Phrenic Vein &
Ans: Para Aortic (4) Lumbar Veins
3 tributaries of origin:
40.) Hematoma of the rectus sheath. What blood vessel/s?
(2) Common Iliac Vein &
Ans: Inferior epigastric (most often on the right side below the level of umbilicus) Median Sacral Vein
41.) The site where the inferior and superior epigastric vessels anastomose
Ans: Arcuate line
1.) Begins at pelvic inlet where it is a continuation of the descending colon. It hangs down into the
pelvic cavity in the form of loop and it joins the rectum in front of the sacrum:
Ans: Sigmoid colon
2.) Soft lymphatic tissue. Occupies the left upper part of the abdomen between the stomach and the
th
diaphragm. It lies along the long axis of the 10 left rib:
Ans: Spleen
3.) Referred as abdominal policeman:
Ans: Greater omentum
4.) Sensitive only to stretch and tearing:
Ans: Visceral peritoneum
5.) Sensitive to pain, temperature, touch and pressure:
Ans: Parietal peritoneum
, 22.) Superior boundary of the omental foramen:
6.) Sites for collection and movement of infected peritoneal fluid: Ans: HEAD OF THE CAUDATE LOBE
Ans: Subphrenic spaces & paracolic gutters
23.) Contains smooth muscle and skeletal muscle:
7.) Peritoneal dialysis:
Ans: ESOPHAGUS
Ans: Small midline incision trough the anterior abdominal all below umbilicus
8.) Is the dilated portion of the alimentary canal: 24.) Arteries from the abdominal parts of the esophagus with its arterial supply:
Ans: Stomach Ans: LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY
9.) This extends to incisura angularis to the pylorus 25.) Rugae found:
Ans: Pyloric antrum Ans: STOMACH
10.) Part of duodenum where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct pierces:
26.) Left gastro omental artery arises from:
Ans: Second part of duodenum (major papilla inferior to your minor papilla)
Ans: SPLENIC ARTERY
11.) Longitudinal muscle is restricted to form 3 flat bands:
st
Ans: Taenia coli 27.) 1 part of duodenum vertebral level:
Ans: L1
12.) ASIS to the umbilicus
Ans: Mcburney’s point 28.) Bile duct and pancreatic duct enter:
ND
Ans: 2 PART OF DUODENUM
13.) Tips to locate appendix:
- Hanging down into the pelvis against the right pelvic wall
- Coiled up behind cecum 29.) The following structure crosses over the inferior or horizontal portion of the duodenum:
- Projecting upward along the lateral side of the cecum Ans: SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
14.) Location of appendix : 30.) The midclavicular planes pass through the midpoint of the clavicles to the midpoint of which
Ans: Posteromedian to your cecum structures:
Ans: INGUINAL LIGAMENT
15.) Usually gives off the cystic artery which runs to the neck of the gallbladder:
Ans: Right hepatic artery
31.) Fascial layer that covers the surface of the transverse abdominal muscle:
Ans: TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA
16.) FOREGUT
Ans: Distal third of the esophagus, the stomach and the proximal half of the
duodenum 32.) Extraperitoneal fat located:
Ans: DEEP TO THE TRANVERSALIS FASCIA
17.) MIDGUT
Ans: Second part of the duodenum to the left colic flexure of large intestine 33.) The superficial muscle fibers of the external abdominal oblique arising from the middle to lower
ribs interdigitate with which of the following muscles?
18.) HINDGUT Ans: INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE
Ans: Left colic flexure to half way down the anal canal
34.) Aponeurosis of all 3 flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall interlace in which of the ff
19.) Referred pains: structures?
- Shoulder and right upper quadrant: gallbladder Ans: RECTUS ABDOMINIS
- Mcburneys point: appendix
- Chest: esophagus 35.) Inferiorly the inferior margin of the external oblique aponeurosis thickens and folds on itself to
- Flank pain: kidney form which structures:
Ans: INGUINAL LIGAMENT
20.) Abdominal policeman:
Ans: GREATER OMENTUM 36.) The rectus abdominis muscle is anchored transversely by attachment to the anterior layer of the
rectus sheath which structure:
21.) Ligament that conduct the portal trial: Ans: TENDINOUS INTERSECTIONS
Ans: GASTROHEPATIC LIGAMENT
37.) The two medial umbilical folds represent remnants of:
16.) Which does not pass into inguinal ring?
Ans: Iliohypogastric nerve
1.) What is the direction of the natural lines of the cleavage on the skin of the trunk?
17.) Which is not found in the inguinal canal?
Ans: Horizontal
Ans: Femoral nerve
2.) Tubular sheath of the penis:
18.) The right testicular vein drains into
Ans: Scarpa’s fascia/Membranous layer
Ans: Inferior vena cava
3.) Origin of external oblique:
19.) What layer is the cremasteric fascia derived from?
Ans: Lower eight ribs
Ans: Internal oblique muscle
4.) What is formed by the lower most tendinous fibers from internal oblique and transversus?
20.) What layer is the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived?
Ans: Conjoint tendon
Ans: Transversalis fascia
5.) What layer of the abdominal wall is the superficial inguinal canal found?
21.) Cremasteric reflex… Nerve involved?
Ans: External oblique
Ans: Genitofemoral nerve
6.) Origin of rectus abdominis:
22.) True or False: The tunica vaginalis is derived from the processus vaginalis:
Ans: Pubic crest and Symphysis pubis
Ans: True
7.) Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle:
23.) What fibrous tissue surrounds the testis?
Ans: Linea Semilunaris
Ans: Tunica albuginea
8.) Anterior wall of the rectus sheath above anterior iliac spine and blow costal margin:
24.) What is supplied by the femoral nerve?
Ans: External and internal oblique
Ans: Iliacus muscle
9.) Posterior wall of rectus sheath: th
25.) Fixes the 12 rib during respiration
Ans: No posterior wall below anterior iliac spine and above pubis
Ans: Quadratus lumborum
10.) What muscle in the anterior abdominal wall flexes the vertebral column?
26.) What innervates the central part of the diaphragmatic wall?
Ans: Rectus abdominis muscle
Ans: Phrenic nerve
11.) What layer of the abdomen forms the femoral sheath:
27.) Which of the following is remnant of the fetal vitelline duct?
Ans: Transversalis Fascia & Fascia Iliaca
Ans: Meckel’s diverticulum
12.) Which of the following supplies upper central region of the anterior abdominal wall?
28.) You asked to perform umbilical vein catheterization on the patient. Where will you insert the
Ans: Superior epigastric artery
catheter?
Ans: 12 oclock
13.) Which of the following supplies the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall
Ans: Deep circumflex iliac artery
29.) A 65 yearl old mother showed bulge on the right inguinal region. On examination, you notice a
bulge lateral to the pubic tubercle below the inguinal ligament. What could this be?
14.) In case of portal vein obstruction the veins around the umbilicus become grossly distended
Ans: Femoral Hernia
producing a clinical picture referred as caput medusa:
Ans: Paraumbilical veins 30.) During surgery, you observed that the inguinal bulge is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.
What type of hernia?
15.) Layer of anterior abdominal wall that form deep inguinal ring Ans: Direct inguinal hernia
Ans: Transversalis fascia
,31.) Which of the following incision will not traverse a muscle? ABDOMINAL CAVITY:
Ans: Midline
32.) Where is petit’s hernia found?
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA (page 217)
Ans: Lumbar triangle
3 anterior visceral branches:
33.) Female complained of epigastric pain. Diagnose with pneumonia. There is referred pain. What is Celiac Artery,
involved? Superior Mesenteric &
Ans: Iliohypogastric nerve Inferior Mesenteric Artery
3 lateral visceral branches:
34.) A 2 y.o came in due to straw colored urine in fluid coming out from the umbilicus. Tshirt is stained
Suprarenal Artery,
with red and with ammonical odor. What is the condition? Renal Artery &
Ans: Patent urachus Testicular/Ovarian Artery
35.) A child with enlarged scrotum. Ultrasound revealed fluid accumulation with no communication 3 terminal branches:
with peritoneal cavity. What is the condition? (2) Common Iliac Arteries &
Ans: Hydrocele Median Sacral Artery
TRIBUTARIES OF INFERIOR VENA CAVA (page 218)
36.) What nerve supplies the anterior abdominal wall at the level above the pubis?
Ans: L1 2 anterior visceral tributaries:
the hepatic veins
37.) Common site of infection
Ans: Umbilicus (omphalitis) 3 lateral visceral tributaries:
Right Suprarenal Vein,
Renal Vein &
38.) Level of testicular artery Right Testicular/Ovarian Vein
Ans: L2
5 lateral abdominal wall tributaries:
39.) Testicular lymph vessels Inferior Phrenic Vein &
Ans: Para Aortic (4) Lumbar Veins
3 tributaries of origin:
40.) Hematoma of the rectus sheath. What blood vessel/s?
(2) Common Iliac Vein &
Ans: Inferior epigastric (most often on the right side below the level of umbilicus) Median Sacral Vein
41.) The site where the inferior and superior epigastric vessels anastomose
Ans: Arcuate line
1.) Begins at pelvic inlet where it is a continuation of the descending colon. It hangs down into the
pelvic cavity in the form of loop and it joins the rectum in front of the sacrum:
Ans: Sigmoid colon
2.) Soft lymphatic tissue. Occupies the left upper part of the abdomen between the stomach and the
th
diaphragm. It lies along the long axis of the 10 left rib:
Ans: Spleen
3.) Referred as abdominal policeman:
Ans: Greater omentum
4.) Sensitive only to stretch and tearing:
Ans: Visceral peritoneum
5.) Sensitive to pain, temperature, touch and pressure:
Ans: Parietal peritoneum
, 22.) Superior boundary of the omental foramen:
6.) Sites for collection and movement of infected peritoneal fluid: Ans: HEAD OF THE CAUDATE LOBE
Ans: Subphrenic spaces & paracolic gutters
23.) Contains smooth muscle and skeletal muscle:
7.) Peritoneal dialysis:
Ans: ESOPHAGUS
Ans: Small midline incision trough the anterior abdominal all below umbilicus
8.) Is the dilated portion of the alimentary canal: 24.) Arteries from the abdominal parts of the esophagus with its arterial supply:
Ans: Stomach Ans: LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY
9.) This extends to incisura angularis to the pylorus 25.) Rugae found:
Ans: Pyloric antrum Ans: STOMACH
10.) Part of duodenum where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct pierces:
26.) Left gastro omental artery arises from:
Ans: Second part of duodenum (major papilla inferior to your minor papilla)
Ans: SPLENIC ARTERY
11.) Longitudinal muscle is restricted to form 3 flat bands:
st
Ans: Taenia coli 27.) 1 part of duodenum vertebral level:
Ans: L1
12.) ASIS to the umbilicus
Ans: Mcburney’s point 28.) Bile duct and pancreatic duct enter:
ND
Ans: 2 PART OF DUODENUM
13.) Tips to locate appendix:
- Hanging down into the pelvis against the right pelvic wall
- Coiled up behind cecum 29.) The following structure crosses over the inferior or horizontal portion of the duodenum:
- Projecting upward along the lateral side of the cecum Ans: SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
14.) Location of appendix : 30.) The midclavicular planes pass through the midpoint of the clavicles to the midpoint of which
Ans: Posteromedian to your cecum structures:
Ans: INGUINAL LIGAMENT
15.) Usually gives off the cystic artery which runs to the neck of the gallbladder:
Ans: Right hepatic artery
31.) Fascial layer that covers the surface of the transverse abdominal muscle:
Ans: TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA
16.) FOREGUT
Ans: Distal third of the esophagus, the stomach and the proximal half of the
duodenum 32.) Extraperitoneal fat located:
Ans: DEEP TO THE TRANVERSALIS FASCIA
17.) MIDGUT
Ans: Second part of the duodenum to the left colic flexure of large intestine 33.) The superficial muscle fibers of the external abdominal oblique arising from the middle to lower
ribs interdigitate with which of the following muscles?
18.) HINDGUT Ans: INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE
Ans: Left colic flexure to half way down the anal canal
34.) Aponeurosis of all 3 flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall interlace in which of the ff
19.) Referred pains: structures?
- Shoulder and right upper quadrant: gallbladder Ans: RECTUS ABDOMINIS
- Mcburneys point: appendix
- Chest: esophagus 35.) Inferiorly the inferior margin of the external oblique aponeurosis thickens and folds on itself to
- Flank pain: kidney form which structures:
Ans: INGUINAL LIGAMENT
20.) Abdominal policeman:
Ans: GREATER OMENTUM 36.) The rectus abdominis muscle is anchored transversely by attachment to the anterior layer of the
rectus sheath which structure:
21.) Ligament that conduct the portal trial: Ans: TENDINOUS INTERSECTIONS
Ans: GASTROHEPATIC LIGAMENT
37.) The two medial umbilical folds represent remnants of:
