WCU Pathophysiology 370 Final
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is
called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology - Correct Answer-b. Physiology
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
a. It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. - Correct Answer-d. It is
the most common genetic disease in the United States.
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute
pancreatitis related to potential for
a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction. - Correct Answer-c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema - Correct Answer-a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
d. Crackles in lungs
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
a. Surgery
b. Radiation
c. Early detection
d. Chemotherapeutic agents - Correct Answer-c. Early detection
Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best
prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically,
which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two
principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because they are located in
,a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may have escaped the surgeon's
knife and remain undetected in the local area. Chemotherapeutic agents are not
selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell death also occurs.
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo
which type of cellular adaptation?
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia - Correct Answer-c. Hypertrophy
A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying - Correct Answer-b. Hesitancy
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints - Correct Answer-a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of
joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
e. Morning stiffness in joints
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular
rate
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is
seen
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS
configuration - Correct Answer-b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
- Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves accompanied
by an irregular ventricular rate.
- Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried in the
QRS complex.
,- Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min and a
characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur earlier
than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
Cardiac output is the product of both
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure
c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate - Correct Answer-d. Stroke volume and heart rate
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis?
a. It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. - Correct Answer-d.
The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)
a. B cells
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
d. Natural killer cells
e. Granulocytes - Correct Answer-b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
e. Granulocytes
- Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
- B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all that apply.)
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. - Correct Answer-a. The greater the
undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
, Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent with Alzheimer disease? (Select
all that apply)
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus
c. Focal cerebral infarct
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Abnormal serotonin system - Correct Answer-a. Amyloid plaques
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer patients
and are found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a normal function
and stabilize microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are chemically altered and twist
into paired helical filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles. Epileptogenic focus is
associated with seizure disorder. Focal cerebral infarct is a stroke occurring in a
localized area of the brain. Abnormalities in the cholinergic system are associated with
Alzheimer disease; serotonin abnormalities are found in depression.
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement?
a. It is not seen in children.
b. It represents 30% of all cases of leukemia.
c. The average age of onset is older than 70 years.
d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome. - Correct Answer-d. Affected
persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
Philadelphia chromosome occurs in this leukemia. CML occurs occasionally in children
and adolescents. CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of leukemia in the
US. The average age of onset is between 40-50 years.
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?
a. Anemia
b. Polycythemia
c. Pancytopenia
d. Granulocytopenia - Correct Answer-b. Polycythemia
- Polycythemia is an excess of red blood cells.
- Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells.
- Pancytopenia is a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- Granulocytopenia is a decrease in platelets
It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is
a. Incurable
b. More curable in adults
c. Primarily diagnosed in children
d. Generally seen in adults older than 70 years - Correct Answer-c. Primarily diagnosed
in children
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is
called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology - Correct Answer-b. Physiology
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
a. It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. - Correct Answer-d. It is
the most common genetic disease in the United States.
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute
pancreatitis related to potential for
a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction. - Correct Answer-c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema - Correct Answer-a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
d. Crackles in lungs
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
a. Surgery
b. Radiation
c. Early detection
d. Chemotherapeutic agents - Correct Answer-c. Early detection
Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best
prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically,
which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two
principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because they are located in
,a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may have escaped the surgeon's
knife and remain undetected in the local area. Chemotherapeutic agents are not
selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell death also occurs.
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo
which type of cellular adaptation?
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia - Correct Answer-c. Hypertrophy
A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying - Correct Answer-b. Hesitancy
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints - Correct Answer-a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of
joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
e. Morning stiffness in joints
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular
rate
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is
seen
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS
configuration - Correct Answer-b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
- Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves accompanied
by an irregular ventricular rate.
- Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried in the
QRS complex.
,- Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min and a
characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur earlier
than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
Cardiac output is the product of both
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure
c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate - Correct Answer-d. Stroke volume and heart rate
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis?
a. It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. - Correct Answer-d.
The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)
a. B cells
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
d. Natural killer cells
e. Granulocytes - Correct Answer-b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
e. Granulocytes
- Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
- B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all that apply.)
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. - Correct Answer-a. The greater the
undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
, Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent with Alzheimer disease? (Select
all that apply)
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus
c. Focal cerebral infarct
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Abnormal serotonin system - Correct Answer-a. Amyloid plaques
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer patients
and are found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a normal function
and stabilize microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are chemically altered and twist
into paired helical filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles. Epileptogenic focus is
associated with seizure disorder. Focal cerebral infarct is a stroke occurring in a
localized area of the brain. Abnormalities in the cholinergic system are associated with
Alzheimer disease; serotonin abnormalities are found in depression.
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement?
a. It is not seen in children.
b. It represents 30% of all cases of leukemia.
c. The average age of onset is older than 70 years.
d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome. - Correct Answer-d. Affected
persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
Philadelphia chromosome occurs in this leukemia. CML occurs occasionally in children
and adolescents. CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of leukemia in the
US. The average age of onset is between 40-50 years.
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?
a. Anemia
b. Polycythemia
c. Pancytopenia
d. Granulocytopenia - Correct Answer-b. Polycythemia
- Polycythemia is an excess of red blood cells.
- Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells.
- Pancytopenia is a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- Granulocytopenia is a decrease in platelets
It is true that acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is
a. Incurable
b. More curable in adults
c. Primarily diagnosed in children
d. Generally seen in adults older than 70 years - Correct Answer-c. Primarily diagnosed
in children
