Test Bank
b
tobaccompany
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition
b b b
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapterb1:bAnbIntroductionbtobAnimalbBehavior
MultiplebChoicebQuestions
1. “Ifbfemaleblizardsbwithbreddishbthroatsbproducebmorebeggsbthanbfemalesbwithborangishbthroats,bt
henbthebreddishbthroatbisbanbevolvedbadaptation.”bThisbstatement
a. isbtrue,bbecausebthisbspeciesbhasbvariation,babcriticalbrequirementbforbthebevolutionbofba
daptationsbbybnaturalbselection.
b. isbfalse,bbecausebfemalesbwithborangishbthroatsbcouldbstillbhavebmoreboffspringbthatblivebtobr
eproducebthanbfemalesbwithbreddishbthroats.
c. isbfalse,bbecausebtherebisbnobguaranteebthatbfemalesbwithbreddishbthroatsbarebthebbestbforbthebl
ong-termbpreservationbofbthisbspecies.
d. couldbbebtrueborbfalse,bbecausebwebcannotbtellbwithoutbknowingbwhetherbreddishbfemalesbo
utnumberborangishbfemalesbinbthisbspecies.
Answer:bb
LearningbObjective:b1.1.1bIdentifybthebconditionsbrequiredbtobproducebevolutionarybchangebt
hroughbnaturalbselectionbandbexaminebthesebconditionsbusingbthebgene’sbeyebview.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
2. Thebstatementb“Lemmingsbdispersebfrombareasbofbhighbpopulationbdensitybbecausebtheybi
nheritedbthisbabilitybfrombablemming-likebancestorbinbthebpast”bisbabhypothesisbabout
a. evolvedbfunction.
b. geneticsbandbdevelopment.
c. evolutionarybhistory.
d. adaptivebvalue.
Answer:bc
LearningbObjective:b1.1.3bConsiderbhowbproximatebandbultimateblevelsbofbanalysisbcanbbebusedbtobp
rovidebanbintegrativebunderstandingbofbthebdevelopment,bmechanism,badaptivebvalue,bandbevolutio
narybhistorybofbabbehavior.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
3. Thebinfanticidebhypothesis,bwhichbpositsbthatbinfanticidebisbabreproduction-
enhancingbtacticbpracticedbbybmales,bisbcalledbabhypothesisbbecausebit
a. canbbebproven.
b. isbanbexplanationbbasedbonblimitedbevidencebthatbcanbbebtested.
c. isbmutuallybexclusivebtobanybotherbpotentialbexplanations.
d. isbabbasicbprinciplebthatbcanbbebappliedbwidely.b
Answer:bb
,LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
4. InborderbforbDarwinianbnaturalbselectionbtobcausebevolutionarybchange,babpopulationbmustbc
ontainbindividualsbthatbdifferbhereditarilybinbsomebcharacteristicbbecause
a. inbabpopulationbwithoutbthisbkindbofbvariation,bthebspeciesbisbdoomedbtobextinction.
b. whenballbindividualsbhavebthebsamebgenes,bthenballbindividualsbarebexactlybalikebinballbrespects.
c. uniformbpopulationsbarebevolutionarybdeadbends.
d. unlessbtherebisbvariationbofbthisbsort,bparentsbcannotbpassbonbtheirbadvantageousbattributesbtobt
heirboffspring.
Answer:bd
LearningbObjective:b1.1.1bIdentifybthebconditionsbrequiredbtobproducebevolutionarybchangebt
hroughbnaturalbselectionbandbexaminebthesebconditionsbusingbthebgene’sbeyebview.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
5. Webobservebvariationbinbabpopulationbofblizardbwithbrespectbtobhowbfastbindividualsbcanbrun.bW
ebattemptbtobselectbforbthebabilitybtobrunbslowly,bnotbquickly.bAfterbsixbgenerationsbofbselectivebbre
edingbofbonlybthebslowestbwithbthebslowest,bthebmeanbrunningbspeedbofbtheblizardsbhasbnotbchange
d.bWhatbisbthebappropriatebscientificbconclusionbbasedbonbthisbwork?
a. Afterbsixbgenerationsbofbartificialbselection,bthebfrequencybofbslowbrunnersbinbthebpopulationbhasbr
emainedbunchanged.
b. Afterbsixbgenerationsbofbartificialbselection,bthebfrequencybofbslowbrunnersbinbthebpopulationbhasbi
ncreased.
c. Thebdifferencesbbetweenbtheblizardsbinbrunningbspeedbinbtheboriginalbpopulationbwerebnotbc
ausedbbybgeneticbdifferencesbamongbthem.
d. Thebresultsbarebinvalidbbecausebthebresearchersbfailedbtobmaintainbenoughbvariationbinbrunningbs
peedbinbtheirbselectedblineage,bsobevolutionarybchangebwasbimpossible.
Answer:bc
LearningbObjective:b1.1.1bIdentifybthebconditionsbrequiredbtobproducebevolutionarybchangebt
hroughbnaturalbselectionbandbexaminebthesebconditionsbusingbthebgene’sbeyebview.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
6. Webobservebabfrogbthatbcarriesbitsbbabiesbonbitsbbackbawaybfrombwherebthebeggsbhatched.bHerebar
ebtwobquestionsbaboutbthisbobservation:
X.bDoesbthebfrogbdobthisbtobmovebthebbabiesbtobabplacebwherebtheybwillbbebsaferbandbmoreblikelybtobsu
rvive?
Y.bDoesbthebfrogbhavebspecificbmorphologicalbtraitsbthatbenablebitbtobholdbandbtransferbitsbbabiesbinbth
isbway?
Whichbofbthebtwobisbabproximatebquestion?
a. X,bbecausebitbconsidersbthebadaptivebvalueborbfunctionbofbthebtrait
b. Y,bbecausebitbasksbaboutbthebdevelopmentalbmechanismsbthatbinfluencebthebcomponentsbofbtheba
nimal
,c. BothbXbandbY,bbecausebtheyblookbatbthebimmediatebandbmechanisticbcausesbofbthebbehavior
d. NeitherbXborbY,bbecausebtheybbothbtakebanbadaptiveborbevolutionarybapproachbtoblookbatbthebu
ltimatebcausesbofbthebbehavior
Answer:bb
LearningbObjective:b1.1.3bConsiderbhowbproximatebandbultimateblevelsbofbanalysisbcanbbebusedbtobp
rovidebanbintegrativebunderstandingbofbthebdevelopment,bmechanism,badaptivebvalue,bandbevolutio
narybhistorybofbabbehavior.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
7. Webobservebabfrogbthatbcarriesbitsbbabiesbonbitsbbackbawaybfrombwherebthebeggsbhatched.bHerebar
ebtwobquestionsbaboutbthisbobservation:
X.bDoesbthebfrogbdobthisbtobmovebthebbabiesbtobabplacebwherebtheybwillbbebsaferbandbmoreblikelybtobsu
rvive?
Y.bDoesbthebfrogbhavebspecificbmorphologicalbtraitsbthatbenablebitbtobholdbandbtransferbitsbbabiesbinbth
isbway?
Whichbofbthebtwobisbanbultimatebquestion?
a. X,bbecausebitbconsidersbthebadaptivebvalueborbfunctionbofbthebtrait
b. Y,bbecausebitbasksbaboutbthebdevelopmentalbmechanismsbthatbinfluencebthebcomponentsbofbtheba
nimal
c. BothbXbandbY,bbecausebtheyblookbatbthebimmediatebandbmechanisticbcausesbofbthebbehavior
d. NeitherbXborbY,bbecausebtheybbothbtakebanbadaptiveborbevolutionarybapproachbtoblookbatbthebu
ltimatebcausesbofbthebbehavior
Answer:ba
LearningbObjective:b1.1.3bConsiderbhowbproximatebandbultimateblevelsbofbanalysisbcanbbebusedbtobp
rovidebanbintegrativebunderstandingbofbthebdevelopment,bmechanism,badaptivebvalue,bandbevolutio
narybhistorybofbabbehavior.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
8. WhichbisbanbexamplebofbabDarwinianbpuzzle?
a. Salmonbcanbsmellbabfewbmoleculesbofbchemicalsbinbthebstreambinbwhichbtheybwerebborn.
b. Adultbbirdsbscreambinbpainbwhenbcaughtbbybabpredator.
c. Ifbtwoborbevenbthreebeggsbarebaddedbtobabbird’sbnest,bthebadultbbirdsboftenbcanbrearbthembs
uccessfullybalongbwithbtheirbownbchicks.
d. Batsbcanbcatchbmothsbinbcompletebdarknessbthanksbtobtheirbabilitybtobhearbechoesbfrombtheirbo
wnbcries.
Answer:bc
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
9. Considerbthebfollowingbobservation:bMalebsongbsparrowsbsingbmorebatbdawnbthanbduringbanybo
therbtimebthebday.
, Withbregardbtobthisbobservation,bthebstatementb“Malesbsingbtobprovidebaccuratebinformationbtob
matesbaboutbtheirbphysicalbcondition”bisbanbexamplebof
a. abcausalbquestion.
b. abprediction.
c. testbevidence.
d. abhypothesis.b
Answer:bd
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
10. Considerbthebfollowingbobservation:bMalebsongbsparrowsbsingbmorebatbdawnbthanbduringbanybo
therbtimebthebday.
Withbregardbtobthisbobservation,bthebstatementb“Malesbthatbreceivebab‘carebpackage’bofbextrabfoodbt
hebdaybbeforebshouldbproducebmorebsongsbduringbthebdawnbhourbthanbthosebthatbdobnotbreceivebsup
plementalbfood”bisbanbexamplebof
a. abcausalbquestion.
b. abprediction.
c. testbevidence.
d. abhypothesis.b
Answer:bb
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
11. Considerbthebfollowingbobservation:bMalebsongbsparrowsbsingbmorebatbdawnbthanbduringbanybo
therbtimebthebday.
Withbregardbtobthisbobservation,bthebstatementb“Whatbisbthebevolvedbfunctionbofbthebpatternbofbs
ongbproductionbbybthebsongbsparrow?”bisbanbexamplebof
a. abcausalbquestion.
b. abprediction.
c. testbevidence.
d. abhypothesis.b
Answer:ba
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
12. Ifbanbadaptationbisbthebproductbofbnaturalbselection,bthebtraitbwill
a. providebabnetbreproductivebgainbforbindividualsbthatbpossessbthebattribute.
b
tobaccompany
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition
b b b
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapterb1:bAnbIntroductionbtobAnimalbBehavior
MultiplebChoicebQuestions
1. “Ifbfemaleblizardsbwithbreddishbthroatsbproducebmorebeggsbthanbfemalesbwithborangishbthroats,bt
henbthebreddishbthroatbisbanbevolvedbadaptation.”bThisbstatement
a. isbtrue,bbecausebthisbspeciesbhasbvariation,babcriticalbrequirementbforbthebevolutionbofba
daptationsbbybnaturalbselection.
b. isbfalse,bbecausebfemalesbwithborangishbthroatsbcouldbstillbhavebmoreboffspringbthatblivebtobr
eproducebthanbfemalesbwithbreddishbthroats.
c. isbfalse,bbecausebtherebisbnobguaranteebthatbfemalesbwithbreddishbthroatsbarebthebbestbforbthebl
ong-termbpreservationbofbthisbspecies.
d. couldbbebtrueborbfalse,bbecausebwebcannotbtellbwithoutbknowingbwhetherbreddishbfemalesbo
utnumberborangishbfemalesbinbthisbspecies.
Answer:bb
LearningbObjective:b1.1.1bIdentifybthebconditionsbrequiredbtobproducebevolutionarybchangebt
hroughbnaturalbselectionbandbexaminebthesebconditionsbusingbthebgene’sbeyebview.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
2. Thebstatementb“Lemmingsbdispersebfrombareasbofbhighbpopulationbdensitybbecausebtheybi
nheritedbthisbabilitybfrombablemming-likebancestorbinbthebpast”bisbabhypothesisbabout
a. evolvedbfunction.
b. geneticsbandbdevelopment.
c. evolutionarybhistory.
d. adaptivebvalue.
Answer:bc
LearningbObjective:b1.1.3bConsiderbhowbproximatebandbultimateblevelsbofbanalysisbcanbbebusedbtobp
rovidebanbintegrativebunderstandingbofbthebdevelopment,bmechanism,badaptivebvalue,bandbevolutio
narybhistorybofbabbehavior.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
3. Thebinfanticidebhypothesis,bwhichbpositsbthatbinfanticidebisbabreproduction-
enhancingbtacticbpracticedbbybmales,bisbcalledbabhypothesisbbecausebit
a. canbbebproven.
b. isbanbexplanationbbasedbonblimitedbevidencebthatbcanbbebtested.
c. isbmutuallybexclusivebtobanybotherbpotentialbexplanations.
d. isbabbasicbprinciplebthatbcanbbebappliedbwidely.b
Answer:bb
,LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
4. InborderbforbDarwinianbnaturalbselectionbtobcausebevolutionarybchange,babpopulationbmustbc
ontainbindividualsbthatbdifferbhereditarilybinbsomebcharacteristicbbecause
a. inbabpopulationbwithoutbthisbkindbofbvariation,bthebspeciesbisbdoomedbtobextinction.
b. whenballbindividualsbhavebthebsamebgenes,bthenballbindividualsbarebexactlybalikebinballbrespects.
c. uniformbpopulationsbarebevolutionarybdeadbends.
d. unlessbtherebisbvariationbofbthisbsort,bparentsbcannotbpassbonbtheirbadvantageousbattributesbtobt
heirboffspring.
Answer:bd
LearningbObjective:b1.1.1bIdentifybthebconditionsbrequiredbtobproducebevolutionarybchangebt
hroughbnaturalbselectionbandbexaminebthesebconditionsbusingbthebgene’sbeyebview.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
5. Webobservebvariationbinbabpopulationbofblizardbwithbrespectbtobhowbfastbindividualsbcanbrun.bW
ebattemptbtobselectbforbthebabilitybtobrunbslowly,bnotbquickly.bAfterbsixbgenerationsbofbselectivebbre
edingbofbonlybthebslowestbwithbthebslowest,bthebmeanbrunningbspeedbofbtheblizardsbhasbnotbchange
d.bWhatbisbthebappropriatebscientificbconclusionbbasedbonbthisbwork?
a. Afterbsixbgenerationsbofbartificialbselection,bthebfrequencybofbslowbrunnersbinbthebpopulationbhasbr
emainedbunchanged.
b. Afterbsixbgenerationsbofbartificialbselection,bthebfrequencybofbslowbrunnersbinbthebpopulationbhasbi
ncreased.
c. Thebdifferencesbbetweenbtheblizardsbinbrunningbspeedbinbtheboriginalbpopulationbwerebnotbc
ausedbbybgeneticbdifferencesbamongbthem.
d. Thebresultsbarebinvalidbbecausebthebresearchersbfailedbtobmaintainbenoughbvariationbinbrunningbs
peedbinbtheirbselectedblineage,bsobevolutionarybchangebwasbimpossible.
Answer:bc
LearningbObjective:b1.1.1bIdentifybthebconditionsbrequiredbtobproducebevolutionarybchangebt
hroughbnaturalbselectionbandbexaminebthesebconditionsbusingbthebgene’sbeyebview.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
6. Webobservebabfrogbthatbcarriesbitsbbabiesbonbitsbbackbawaybfrombwherebthebeggsbhatched.bHerebar
ebtwobquestionsbaboutbthisbobservation:
X.bDoesbthebfrogbdobthisbtobmovebthebbabiesbtobabplacebwherebtheybwillbbebsaferbandbmoreblikelybtobsu
rvive?
Y.bDoesbthebfrogbhavebspecificbmorphologicalbtraitsbthatbenablebitbtobholdbandbtransferbitsbbabiesbinbth
isbway?
Whichbofbthebtwobisbabproximatebquestion?
a. X,bbecausebitbconsidersbthebadaptivebvalueborbfunctionbofbthebtrait
b. Y,bbecausebitbasksbaboutbthebdevelopmentalbmechanismsbthatbinfluencebthebcomponentsbofbtheba
nimal
,c. BothbXbandbY,bbecausebtheyblookbatbthebimmediatebandbmechanisticbcausesbofbthebbehavior
d. NeitherbXborbY,bbecausebtheybbothbtakebanbadaptiveborbevolutionarybapproachbtoblookbatbthebu
ltimatebcausesbofbthebbehavior
Answer:bb
LearningbObjective:b1.1.3bConsiderbhowbproximatebandbultimateblevelsbofbanalysisbcanbbebusedbtobp
rovidebanbintegrativebunderstandingbofbthebdevelopment,bmechanism,badaptivebvalue,bandbevolutio
narybhistorybofbabbehavior.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
7. Webobservebabfrogbthatbcarriesbitsbbabiesbonbitsbbackbawaybfrombwherebthebeggsbhatched.bHerebar
ebtwobquestionsbaboutbthisbobservation:
X.bDoesbthebfrogbdobthisbtobmovebthebbabiesbtobabplacebwherebtheybwillbbebsaferbandbmoreblikelybtobsu
rvive?
Y.bDoesbthebfrogbhavebspecificbmorphologicalbtraitsbthatbenablebitbtobholdbandbtransferbitsbbabiesbinbth
isbway?
Whichbofbthebtwobisbanbultimatebquestion?
a. X,bbecausebitbconsidersbthebadaptivebvalueborbfunctionbofbthebtrait
b. Y,bbecausebitbasksbaboutbthebdevelopmentalbmechanismsbthatbinfluencebthebcomponentsbofbtheba
nimal
c. BothbXbandbY,bbecausebtheyblookbatbthebimmediatebandbmechanisticbcausesbofbthebbehavior
d. NeitherbXborbY,bbecausebtheybbothbtakebanbadaptiveborbevolutionarybapproachbtoblookbatbthebu
ltimatebcausesbofbthebbehavior
Answer:ba
LearningbObjective:b1.1.3bConsiderbhowbproximatebandbultimateblevelsbofbanalysisbcanbbebusedbtobp
rovidebanbintegrativebunderstandingbofbthebdevelopment,bmechanism,badaptivebvalue,bandbevolutio
narybhistorybofbabbehavior.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
8. WhichbisbanbexamplebofbabDarwinianbpuzzle?
a. Salmonbcanbsmellbabfewbmoleculesbofbchemicalsbinbthebstreambinbwhichbtheybwerebborn.
b. Adultbbirdsbscreambinbpainbwhenbcaughtbbybabpredator.
c. Ifbtwoborbevenbthreebeggsbarebaddedbtobabbird’sbnest,bthebadultbbirdsboftenbcanbrearbthembs
uccessfullybalongbwithbtheirbownbchicks.
d. Batsbcanbcatchbmothsbinbcompletebdarknessbthanksbtobtheirbabilitybtobhearbechoesbfrombtheirbo
wnbcries.
Answer:bc
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b2.bUnderstanding
9. Considerbthebfollowingbobservation:bMalebsongbsparrowsbsingbmorebatbdawnbthanbduringbanybo
therbtimebthebday.
, Withbregardbtobthisbobservation,bthebstatementb“Malesbsingbtobprovidebaccuratebinformationbtob
matesbaboutbtheirbphysicalbcondition”bisbanbexamplebof
a. abcausalbquestion.
b. abprediction.
c. testbevidence.
d. abhypothesis.b
Answer:bd
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
10. Considerbthebfollowingbobservation:bMalebsongbsparrowsbsingbmorebatbdawnbthanbduringbanybo
therbtimebthebday.
Withbregardbtobthisbobservation,bthebstatementb“Malesbthatbreceivebab‘carebpackage’bofbextrabfoodbt
hebdaybbeforebshouldbproducebmorebsongsbduringbthebdawnbhourbthanbthosebthatbdobnotbreceivebsup
plementalbfood”bisbanbexamplebof
a. abcausalbquestion.
b. abprediction.
c. testbevidence.
d. abhypothesis.b
Answer:bb
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
11. Considerbthebfollowingbobservation:bMalebsongbsparrowsbsingbmorebatbdawnbthanbduringbanybo
therbtimebthebday.
Withbregardbtobthisbobservation,bthebstatementb“Whatbisbthebevolvedbfunctionbofbthebpatternbofbs
ongbproductionbbybthebsongbsparrow?”bisbanbexamplebof
a. abcausalbquestion.
b. abprediction.
c. testbevidence.
d. abhypothesis.b
Answer:ba
LearningbObjective:b1.1.2bReviewbhowbresearchersbusebthebscientificbmethodbtobtestbhypothesesban
dbpredictionsbrelatedbtobabpotentiallybadaptivebbehaviorbinborderbtobconsiderbitsbfitnessbcostsbandbben
efits,bevaluatebitsbadaptivebvalue,bandbidentifybwhybitbevolved.
Bloom’sbLevel:b3.bApplying
12. Ifbanbadaptationbisbthebproductbofbnaturalbselection,bthebtraitbwill
a. providebabnetbreproductivebgainbforbindividualsbthatbpossessbthebattribute.
