NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Five theories of counseling - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Psychoanalytic counseling
2. Behavioral counseling
3. Cognitive counseling
4. Humanistic counseling
5. Holistic counseling
Psychoanalytic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - A theory developed by Freud that attempts to
explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants
of behavior
Application of Psychoanalytic theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - Understanding
underlying issues: Helping students explore unconscious motivations that may affect their
behavior and academic performance.
- Developing insight: Assisting students in understanding how past experiences influence present
behavior.
- Emotional expression: Providing a safe space for students to express and process complex
emotions.
Behavioral Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Use of reinforcement methods to change
learners' behaviors
Application of Behavioral theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - Positive
reinforcement: Using rewards to reinforce desirable behaviors such as attendance, homework
completion, and participation.
- Behavior modification plans: Implementing strategies to reduce disruptive behaviors in the
classroom.
- Skills Training: Teaching social skills, study skills, and coping mechanisms.
,Cognitive Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - A theory of human development that focuses on
changes in how people think over time. According to this theory, our thoughts shape our
attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
Application of Cognitive theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - Anxiety: Helping
clients identify and challenge anxious thoughts.
- Depression: Addressing negative beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future.
- Stress Management: Developing more adaptive thinking patterns to cope with stress.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - CORRECT ANSWER - A popular integrative therapy
that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy
(changing behavior)
Application of CBT - CORRECT ANSWER - - Problem-solving skills: CBT helps students
develop strategies to tackle academic and personal problems.
- Stress management: Techniques like cognitive restructuring can reduce anxiety related to
exams and peer pressure.
- Behavioral interventions: Techniques like setting goals and self-monitoring can improve study
habits and classroom behavior.
Humanistic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - View personality with a focus on the potential
for healthy personal growth
Application of Humanistic theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Person- Centered
Therapy
- Empathy and unconditional positive regard: Creating a supportive environment where students
feel valued and understood.
- Self-concept: Helping students build a positive self-image, which can enhance motivation and
academic performance.
, - Active listening: Encouraging students to express their feelings and thoughts, promoting
emotional regulation and interpersonal skills.
Holistic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - All parts of the brain are involved in the processing
of thought and action
Application of Holistic theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Existential Therapy
- Meaning and purpose: Helping students explore their values, goals, and sense of purpose.
- Authenticity: Encouraging students to be true to themselves and make choices that align with
their values.
- Coping with existential anxiety: Assisting students in dealing with issues related to identity,
freedom, and responsibility.
Integrating theories into education counseling setting - CORRECT ANSWER - - Individual
counseling sessions: Providing one-on-one support tailored to the specific needs of students.
- Group counseling: Facilitating peer support groups that address common issues such as stress,
bullying, and social skills.
- Classroom interventions: Implementing programs and activities that promote mental health and
well-being.
- Teacher training: Equipping teachers with counseling skills and strategies to support students in
the classroom.
Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) - CORRECT ANSWER - A postmodern approach to
therapy that provides a context whereby individuals focus on recovering and creating solutions
rather than talking about their problems.
Application of Solution- Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) - CORRECT ANSWER - - Goal
setting: Assisting students in setting and achieving short-term academic and personal goals.
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Five theories of counseling - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Psychoanalytic counseling
2. Behavioral counseling
3. Cognitive counseling
4. Humanistic counseling
5. Holistic counseling
Psychoanalytic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - A theory developed by Freud that attempts to
explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants
of behavior
Application of Psychoanalytic theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - Understanding
underlying issues: Helping students explore unconscious motivations that may affect their
behavior and academic performance.
- Developing insight: Assisting students in understanding how past experiences influence present
behavior.
- Emotional expression: Providing a safe space for students to express and process complex
emotions.
Behavioral Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Use of reinforcement methods to change
learners' behaviors
Application of Behavioral theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - Positive
reinforcement: Using rewards to reinforce desirable behaviors such as attendance, homework
completion, and participation.
- Behavior modification plans: Implementing strategies to reduce disruptive behaviors in the
classroom.
- Skills Training: Teaching social skills, study skills, and coping mechanisms.
,Cognitive Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - A theory of human development that focuses on
changes in how people think over time. According to this theory, our thoughts shape our
attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
Application of Cognitive theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - - Anxiety: Helping
clients identify and challenge anxious thoughts.
- Depression: Addressing negative beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future.
- Stress Management: Developing more adaptive thinking patterns to cope with stress.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - CORRECT ANSWER - A popular integrative therapy
that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy
(changing behavior)
Application of CBT - CORRECT ANSWER - - Problem-solving skills: CBT helps students
develop strategies to tackle academic and personal problems.
- Stress management: Techniques like cognitive restructuring can reduce anxiety related to
exams and peer pressure.
- Behavioral interventions: Techniques like setting goals and self-monitoring can improve study
habits and classroom behavior.
Humanistic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - View personality with a focus on the potential
for healthy personal growth
Application of Humanistic theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Person- Centered
Therapy
- Empathy and unconditional positive regard: Creating a supportive environment where students
feel valued and understood.
- Self-concept: Helping students build a positive self-image, which can enhance motivation and
academic performance.
, - Active listening: Encouraging students to express their feelings and thoughts, promoting
emotional regulation and interpersonal skills.
Holistic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - All parts of the brain are involved in the processing
of thought and action
Application of Holistic theory in therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Existential Therapy
- Meaning and purpose: Helping students explore their values, goals, and sense of purpose.
- Authenticity: Encouraging students to be true to themselves and make choices that align with
their values.
- Coping with existential anxiety: Assisting students in dealing with issues related to identity,
freedom, and responsibility.
Integrating theories into education counseling setting - CORRECT ANSWER - - Individual
counseling sessions: Providing one-on-one support tailored to the specific needs of students.
- Group counseling: Facilitating peer support groups that address common issues such as stress,
bullying, and social skills.
- Classroom interventions: Implementing programs and activities that promote mental health and
well-being.
- Teacher training: Equipping teachers with counseling skills and strategies to support students in
the classroom.
Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) - CORRECT ANSWER - A postmodern approach to
therapy that provides a context whereby individuals focus on recovering and creating solutions
rather than talking about their problems.
Application of Solution- Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) - CORRECT ANSWER - - Goal
setting: Assisting students in setting and achieving short-term academic and personal goals.
