Retrospective study looking at outcomes and tracing back exposures? How is data analyzed? -
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Case-control
O O
Odds ratio (likelihood of patient with disease having risk factor)
O O O O O O O O O
Prospective observational study where patients are divided by exposure and followed for diseas
O O O O O O O O O O O O
e development? How is data analyzed? - ANSWER Cohort study
O O O O O O O O O
Relative risk (likelihood of developing disease with particular risk factor)
O O O O O O O O O
Type of RCT with the participants and investigators do not know if treatment is given or not? -
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
OANSWER Double-blind O
A study that combines several studies and increases their power and is able to make clearer and
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
more proven hypothesis. What bias is this susceptible to? - ANSWER Meta-Analysis
O O O O O O O O O O O
Inclusion bias O
Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis - ANSWER type 1 error
O O O O O O O O O
Incorrectly accepting null hypothesis? How can this be improved? - ANSWER type 2 error
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Bigger sample size O O
Bias produced by detection of asymptomatic disease thereby increasing survival time? -
O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Lead time bias
O O O O
Bias occurring with detection of disease in pre-clinical stage detecting more indolent disease -
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Length time bias
O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Case-control
O O
Odds ratio (likelihood of patient with disease having risk factor)
O O O O O O O O O
Prospective observational study where patients are divided by exposure and followed for diseas
O O O O O O O O O O O O
e development? How is data analyzed? - ANSWER Cohort study
O O O O O O O O O
Relative risk (likelihood of developing disease with particular risk factor)
O O O O O O O O O
Type of RCT with the participants and investigators do not know if treatment is given or not? -
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
OANSWER Double-blind O
A study that combines several studies and increases their power and is able to make clearer and
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
more proven hypothesis. What bias is this susceptible to? - ANSWER Meta-Analysis
O O O O O O O O O O O
Inclusion bias O
Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis - ANSWER type 1 error
O O O O O O O O O
Incorrectly accepting null hypothesis? How can this be improved? - ANSWER type 2 error
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Bigger sample size O O
Bias produced by detection of asymptomatic disease thereby increasing survival time? -
O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Lead time bias
O O O O
Bias occurring with detection of disease in pre-clinical stage detecting more indolent disease -
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ANSWER Length time bias
O O O O
