Microbiology A Systems Approach Chapters 6,7,11,12 Tests 169 questions and answers

Microbiology A Systems Approach Chapters 6,7,11,12 Tests
169 questions and answers

1. Why are viruses NOT considered to be true life forms?:
-They are Acellular
-They are only made of DNA or RNA-- Never both
-They have no independent metabolism
2. What does it mean to be an Obligate Intracellular Parasite?:
-All viruses are parasites, but not all parasites are viruses
-Viruses need a host for metabolism
- Parasites use their host for food, but they have their own metabolism
3. 3 Main Parts of a Virus: \
1) Nucleic Acid Core
2) Capsid Protein Shell
3) Envelope
4. Virion: - A complete viral particle made up of a nucleic acid core, a capsid protein
shell, and an envelope
5. Nucleic Acid Core: -Has DNA or RNA: Never both
-Very compact in size
-Very few genes
-May be single or double stranded
-May be linear or circular
-Some are segmented
-Means we have a unique target
6. Capsid Protein Shell: -Composed of capsomers
-Shape may be Polyhedral, Helical, or Complex
7. Capsomers: -Protein the cell is forced to make
-They self assemble to form capsids around nucleic acid cores
8. Envelope: -Taken from the host during the "release phase"
-Only found in SOME viruses (Naked or Enveloped)
-Usually has spike proteins (Used by the virus to attach to surfaces)
9. What is Viral Classification based on?: 1) Nucleic Acid Core (always first) 2)
Size
3) Shape
4) Genome



,Microbiology A Systems Approach Chapters 6,7,11,12 Tests
169 questions and answers

5) Immunology
6) Host Range
7) Diseases Caused
8) Method of Transportation
9) Enveloped (?)
10. When viruses have a +sense core they are...: ...immediately translatable
11. When viruses have a -sense core they are...: ...NOT immediately translatable
12. Picornaviruses:
-+sense RNA virus -Naked
-Tiny RNA viruses
-Known for being widespread
-Low infectious dose
-Very, very contagious
13. Enterovirus:
-+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Spread via GI tract
-Ingested
EX: Poliovirus, Coxsackievirus, D68
14. Rhinovirus:
-+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Cause the common cold
-Typically spread via inhalation and physical contact
-Hundreds of strains
15. Hepatovirus:
-+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Typically ingested
-Affects the liver
EX:HepA
16. Togavirus:



, Microbiology A Systems Approach Chapters 6,7,11,12 Tests
169 questions and answers

-+sense RNA virus
-Loosely enveloped
-Has teratogens-- dangerous when pregnant
17. Coronavirus:
-+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-Common cold that is NOT caused by Rhinovirus(20%)
-Many strains
18. Flavivirus:
-+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-Most influx family of viruses
-Arbovirus: Term use loosely to describe certain ways that viruses are spread
-Not a formal genus name
-Arthropod: Spread by mosquitoes
19. Calcivirus:
-+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-AKA Norovirus
-Commonly found on cruise ships
-Diarrheal and vomiting virus
-Shortest incubation time -
Usually 24 hours
20. Reovirus:
-+/-sense
-Double stranded RNA virus
-Spread Respiratory enteric
EX: Rotovirus(norovirus-like illness) GI Pathogen, Morbillivirus(regular measles),
RSV(Respiratory Syncytial Virus-- Prevalent in newborns spread by doctors not
practicing good aseptic technique)
21. Retrovirus:
-+sense