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Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical VentilationT
n n n n n n n n n
est Bank
n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungsis
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
known as which of the following? n n n n n
a. External respiration n
b. Internal respiration n
c. Spontaneous ventilation n
d. Mechanical ventilation n
ANS: C n
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilatio
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be
n n n n n n n n n n n n
spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the exchang n n n n n n
e of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)between the alveoli and
n n n n n n n n n n n
nthe pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellula
n n n n n n n n
r level and involves movement ofoxygen from the systemic blood in
n n n n n n n n n n n
to the cells.
n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
n n n n n n n n
a. Red blood cells and body cells n n n n n
b. Scalenes and trapezius n n
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary n n
capillaries
d. External oblique and n n
transverse abdominal muscles n n
ANS: C n
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbondi
n n n n n n n n n
oxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Inte
n n n n n n n n n
rnal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement
n n n n n n n n n n
of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
n n n n n n n n
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration
n n n n n n n n
. External oblique and transverse abdominal musclesare accessory
n n n n n n n n n
muscles of expiration. n n
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes duringn
n n n n n n n n
ormal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of thefoll
n n n n n n n n n
owing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B n
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure dropsfr
n n n n n n n
om about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
n n n n n n n n n
10 cm H2O atend-
n n n n
inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change
n n n n n n n n n n
from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
n n n n n n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 n n
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
n n n n n n n
n .
a. - 1 cm H2O n n n
b. + 1 cm H2O n n n
c. 0 cm H2O n n
d. 5 cm H2O n n
ANS: A n
-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during norm
n n n n n n n n n n n
al spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spon
n n n n n n n n n
taneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1cm H2O.
n n n n n n n n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known asw
n n n n n n n n n n
hich of the following?
n n n
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) n n n
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) n n
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) n n
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d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) n n
ANS: D n
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure requir
n n n n n n n n n
ed to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA )is the pr
n n n n n n n n n n n
essure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes.
n n n n n n n n n n
Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs a n n n n n n n n n n
nd airways during positive pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressu
n n n n n n n
re (PTT) represents the pressure required to expand or contract the l
n n n n n n n n n n n
ungs and the chest wall at thesame time.
n n n n n n n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance dur
n n n n n n n n
ing positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressur
n n n n n n n n
e (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cmH2O.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. 7 cm H2O n n
b. 30 cm H2O n n
c. 40 cm H2O n n
d. 175 cm H2O n n
ANS: B n
The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressurerequ
n n n n n n n n n n n
ired to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilation. T
n n n n n n n n
his formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
n n n n n n n
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 n n
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return toits
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
noriginal form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force
n n n n n n n n n n n n
is which of the following?
n n n n
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance n
d. Distending pressure n
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical VentilationT
n n n n n n n n n
est Bank
n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungsis
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
known as which of the following? n n n n n
a. External respiration n
b. Internal respiration n
c. Spontaneous ventilation n
d. Mechanical ventilation n
ANS: C n
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilatio
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be
n n n n n n n n n n n n
spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the exchang n n n n n n
e of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)between the alveoli and
n n n n n n n n n n n
nthe pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellula
n n n n n n n n
r level and involves movement ofoxygen from the systemic blood in
n n n n n n n n n n n
to the cells.
n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
n n n n n n n n
a. Red blood cells and body cells n n n n n
b. Scalenes and trapezius n n
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary n n
capillaries
d. External oblique and n n
transverse abdominal muscles n n
ANS: C n
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbondi
n n n n n n n n n
oxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Inte
n n n n n n n n n
rnal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement
n n n n n n n n n n
of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
n n n n n n n n
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration
n n n n n n n n
. External oblique and transverse abdominal musclesare accessory
n n n n n n n n n
muscles of expiration. n n
,https://www.stuvia.com/
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes duringn
n n n n n n n n
ormal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of thefoll
n n n n n n n n n
owing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B n
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure dropsfr
n n n n n n n
om about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
n n n n n n n n n
10 cm H2O atend-
n n n n
inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change
n n n n n n n n n n
from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
n n n n n n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 n n
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
n n n n n n n
n .
a. - 1 cm H2O n n n
b. + 1 cm H2O n n n
c. 0 cm H2O n n
d. 5 cm H2O n n
ANS: A n
-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during norm
n n n n n n n n n n n
al spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spon
n n n n n n n n n
taneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1cm H2O.
n n n n n n n n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known asw
n n n n n n n n n n
hich of the following?
n n n
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) n n n
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) n n
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) n n
,https://www.stuvia.com/
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) n n
ANS: D n
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure requir
n n n n n n n n n
ed to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA )is the pr
n n n n n n n n n n n
essure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes.
n n n n n n n n n n
Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs a n n n n n n n n n n
nd airways during positive pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressu
n n n n n n n
re (PTT) represents the pressure required to expand or contract the l
n n n n n n n n n n n
ungs and the chest wall at thesame time.
n n n n n n n n
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 n n
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance dur
n n n n n n n n
ing positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressur
n n n n n n n n
e (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cmH2O.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
a. 7 cm H2O n n
b. 30 cm H2O n n
c. 40 cm H2O n n
d. 175 cm H2O n n
ANS: B n
The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressurerequ
n n n n n n n n n n n
ired to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilation. T
n n n n n n n n
his formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
n n n n n n n
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 n n
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return toits
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
noriginal form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force
n n n n n n n n n n n n
is which of the following?
n n n n
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance n
d. Distending pressure n
