NUR 170 Exam 3 Questions Fully Solved Already Passed

NUR 170 Exam 3 Questions Fully Solved Already Passed What do A cells secrete? - Answers glucagon What type of hormone is insulin? - Answers Anabolic hormone What is are the onsets for type 1 and type 2 diabetes? - Answers Type 1 onset is earlier, usually when they are children but can also be adults Type 2 is later in life, has an adult onset What is the cause of type 1 diabetes? - Answers Autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas How is type 2 diabetes normally controlled? - Answers Diet and exercise. usually requires oral medications along with these lifestyle changes What are symptoms of type 2 diabetes? - Answers polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia, weight loss, blurred vision, yeast infections What does metformin do? - Answers Decreases the amount of glucose produced by the liver, increases the body response to insulin What are contraindications for metformin use? - Answers Kidney impairment What is the prime drug for mono therapy when treating diabetes? - Answers Metformin What is the plan of action when it comes to metformin and contrast interaction? - Answers Metformin should be temp. D/C prior to the procedure at least 48 hrs and then shouldn't be restarted until renal function is checked and confirmed to be okay What do sulfonylureas drugs do? - Answers Stimulate insulin release from the beta cells What are some sulfonylureas drugs used to maintain diabetes? - Answers Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride What do Thiazolidinedione drugs do? - Answers decrease liver glucose production, increase sensitivity to insulin what are contraindications of Thiazolidinedione drugs? - Answers Heart failure Special considerations for when someone is taking Thiazolidinedione drugs? - Answers can cause liver disturbances, so pts have to get liver panels checked every 3 months What do GLP-1 agonist drugs do? - Answers they work at the level of the beta cells, are agonists for a protein that increases secretion of insulin What are some rapid acting insulins? - Answers ASPART, lispro, glulisine what are some intermediate acting insulins? - Answers NPH, 70/30, 50/50, 75/25 When should rapid acting insulins such as lispro be given? - Answers should be given within 10 min of meal time When do rapid acting insulin such as lispro peak, and when is it gone - Answers Peaks within 1 hr of administration, gone between 3 and 5 hrs when do intermediate insulins such as NPH peak and end? - Answers Peak within 4-12 hrs after admin When do short acting insulins such as regular insulin peak? - Answers Peak within 2-4 hrs after administration when do long lasting insulin such glargine(Lantus) and insulin detemir(Levemir) peak? - Answers Glargine has no peak, detemir peaks between 6-8 hrs and has a duration of 5-24 hrs What are the steps for mixing insulins? - Answers 1.Air into cloudy 2.Air into clear 3.Draw up clear 4.Draw up cloudy Considerations for insulin injections - Answers Preferred injection site is on the abdomen 2 inches away from the umbilicus, make sure to rotate sites, do not massage injection sites What are normal Sugar levels - Answers 70-120 Under what sugar level do hypoglycemia symptoms occur? - Answers Under 50 How does alcohol effect sugar levels? - Answers Prevents the liver from generating glucose, so sugar drops What is the dawn phenomenon? - Answers Overnight release of growth hormone that causes a release of glucose between 5am-6am, causes AM hyperglycemia, manage by increasing overnight insulin dose(intermediate to long acting) What is Somogyi phenomenon? - Answers rebound hyperglycemia response from overnight hypoglycemia, treatment is aimed at preventing overnight hypoglycemia, advise that the client eat a snack, decrease insulin dosage what is diabetic foot - Answers A common foot injury complication, damaged nerve fibers cause pain and decreased sensation or numbness, decreased blood supply makes cuts and sores harder to heal, may lead to amputation Exercise for diabetics - Answers 150 min a week of high intensity aerobic exercise is recommended, CHO snacking for prolonged exercise, don't exercise if urine ketones are present SICK( sugar, insulin, carbs, ketone assessment) - Answers -Illness raises blood glucose -Winter months Advise that they continue with their medications -Check blood glucose more frequently -Urine keynote assessment while hyperglycemic Microvascular complications of diabetes - Answers Disease of small blood vessels, primarily the capillaries, retinopathy(condition that causes vision loss and blindness), nephropathy(deterioration of kidney function), ED Macrovascular complications of diabetes - Answers Larger blood vessels, Mi, CVA, angina, P