NU 545 CHAPTER 3 EXAM WITH 70 QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is usually a result of renal insufficiency or failure, excessive intake of
magnesium-containing antiacids, or adrenal insufficiency?
hypermagnesemia (>3)
What drug makes you retain potassium?
spironolactone
What are causes of hyperkalemia?
- kidney trouble
-use of stored whole blood, administration of IV boluses of PCN, or replacement of
K+ (particulary if kidneys are impaired)
-dietary excesses of K+ are uncommon, but accidental ingestion of k+ salt
substitutes can cause toxicity
-burns, massive crush injuries, and extensive surgeries can cause cell trauma and
loss of ICF potassium to ECF
-hypoxia, acidosis, digitalis overdose, decreased renal excertion of potassium,
addisons disease
-drugs that decrease renal potassium excretion (-ACR inhibitors, angiotensin
receptor blockers, porassium sparing diuretics, and aldosterone antagonist
What causes hypomagnesemia (<1.5)?
malnutrition malabsorption syndromes, alcoholism, urinary losses (renal tubular
dysfunction, look diuretics)
What causes hypokalemia?
-reduced intake of potassium
- increased entry of potassium into cells
- dietary deficiency of potassium in elderly
- alkalosis (respiratory alkalosis)
-insulin administered without providign potassium supplements
-GI and renal disorders
, -diarrhea
-vomiting
-NG suction
-laxative abuse
-intestinal drainage tubes or fistulae
-laxative abuse, diuretics, not eating
What causes hypocalcemia (<8.5)?
-inadequate intestinal absorption
-deposition of ionized calcium into bone or soft tissue
-blood administration
- decrease in PTH and vit D levels
-nutritional deficiencies occur with inadequate sources of diary products or green
leafy veggies
- alkalosis
-elevated calcitonin levels
Why are infants susceptible to significant total body water loss?
because they store less fat, have higher metabolis rates, and greater evaporative
loss due to larger body surface area in proportion to total body surface
What can represent a significant proportion of body weight in infants?
loss of fluid from diarrhea
Why can dehydration develop rapidly in infants?
renal mechanisms that regular fluid and electrolytes conservation may not be
mature enough to counter the losses
Why are obese people at greater risk for dehydration?
because fat is water repelling (hydrophobic), very little water is contained in
adipose cells therefore, individuals with more body fat have proportionately less
total body water and tend to be more susceptible to fluid imbalances that cause
dehydration
What causes variations in total body water (TBW)?
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is usually a result of renal insufficiency or failure, excessive intake of
magnesium-containing antiacids, or adrenal insufficiency?
hypermagnesemia (>3)
What drug makes you retain potassium?
spironolactone
What are causes of hyperkalemia?
- kidney trouble
-use of stored whole blood, administration of IV boluses of PCN, or replacement of
K+ (particulary if kidneys are impaired)
-dietary excesses of K+ are uncommon, but accidental ingestion of k+ salt
substitutes can cause toxicity
-burns, massive crush injuries, and extensive surgeries can cause cell trauma and
loss of ICF potassium to ECF
-hypoxia, acidosis, digitalis overdose, decreased renal excertion of potassium,
addisons disease
-drugs that decrease renal potassium excretion (-ACR inhibitors, angiotensin
receptor blockers, porassium sparing diuretics, and aldosterone antagonist
What causes hypomagnesemia (<1.5)?
malnutrition malabsorption syndromes, alcoholism, urinary losses (renal tubular
dysfunction, look diuretics)
What causes hypokalemia?
-reduced intake of potassium
- increased entry of potassium into cells
- dietary deficiency of potassium in elderly
- alkalosis (respiratory alkalosis)
-insulin administered without providign potassium supplements
-GI and renal disorders
, -diarrhea
-vomiting
-NG suction
-laxative abuse
-intestinal drainage tubes or fistulae
-laxative abuse, diuretics, not eating
What causes hypocalcemia (<8.5)?
-inadequate intestinal absorption
-deposition of ionized calcium into bone or soft tissue
-blood administration
- decrease in PTH and vit D levels
-nutritional deficiencies occur with inadequate sources of diary products or green
leafy veggies
- alkalosis
-elevated calcitonin levels
Why are infants susceptible to significant total body water loss?
because they store less fat, have higher metabolis rates, and greater evaporative
loss due to larger body surface area in proportion to total body surface
What can represent a significant proportion of body weight in infants?
loss of fluid from diarrhea
Why can dehydration develop rapidly in infants?
renal mechanisms that regular fluid and electrolytes conservation may not be
mature enough to counter the losses
Why are obese people at greater risk for dehydration?
because fat is water repelling (hydrophobic), very little water is contained in
adipose cells therefore, individuals with more body fat have proportionately less
total body water and tend to be more susceptible to fluid imbalances that cause
dehydration
What causes variations in total body water (TBW)?
