CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 12TH EDITION TEST BANK
EXAM PREP QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
plasma membrane - ANS-- in every cell
- separate cell from surroundings
- selectively permeable
- all cell membranes vary in chemical composition
- adapt membrane through enviornment
transport proteins - ANS-responsible for controlling passage across cellular membranes
Amphipathic molecules - ANS-has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic reigons
phosphate group - ANS-hydrophilic
fatty acids - ANS-hydrophobic
Fluid mosaic model - ANS-individual units that make up a membrane; has some movement
cholesterol - ANS-used to keep fatty acids in line
peripheral proteins - ANS-on surface of membrane, don't go through membrane (external or internal)
integral proteins - ANS-go through membrane; will go into hydrophobic region (lipids) must be
chemically different
- hydrophobic reigon has stretches of nonpolar amino acids in a alpha helix
transmembrane proteins - ANS-type of integral protein that goes through the entire membrane
functions of cell-surface membrane proteins - ANS--transport
-location of Enzyme activity
-signal transduction
-cell-cell recognition
-intercellular joining
-attach to cytoskeleton and ECM
cell-cell recognition - ANS-cells contain glycoproteins or sugars for other cells to identify it on plasma
membrane
, signal transduction - ANS-The process by which a cell responds to substances outside the cell through
signaling molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell
glycolipids - ANS-membrane carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipids
What passes through membranes easily - ANS-Hydrophobic lipids/ nonpolar molecules
What needs a protein to pass through membranes - ANS-Hydrophilic molecules including ions and polar
molecules
types of transport proteins - ANS-Carrier proteins
Channel proteins
Carrier proteins - ANS-the substance will bind to carrier protein, then change shape as modified form
channel proteins - ANS-they have an opening straight through to the cell
aquaporins - ANS-channel proteins that will transport water
passive transport - ANS-does not require ATP/ energy to transport substance across membrane
(from high concentration to low concentration)
active transport - ANS-requires ATP/ energy to transport substance across membrane
(from low concentration to high concentration)
types of passive transport - ANS-- Diffusion (simple)
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Equilibrium
- Osmosis
Concentration Gradient - ANS-occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than
another
Diffusion (simple) - ANS-- Goes right across the membrane
- passive transport
- moves along concentration gradient
Take a sugar cube and put into coffee
Facilitated Diffusion - ANS-requires use of transport proteins; needs help
- passive transport
Osmosis - ANS-looking at concentration and movement of water
Tonicity - ANS-the concentration of the solutes
EXAM PREP QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
plasma membrane - ANS-- in every cell
- separate cell from surroundings
- selectively permeable
- all cell membranes vary in chemical composition
- adapt membrane through enviornment
transport proteins - ANS-responsible for controlling passage across cellular membranes
Amphipathic molecules - ANS-has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic reigons
phosphate group - ANS-hydrophilic
fatty acids - ANS-hydrophobic
Fluid mosaic model - ANS-individual units that make up a membrane; has some movement
cholesterol - ANS-used to keep fatty acids in line
peripheral proteins - ANS-on surface of membrane, don't go through membrane (external or internal)
integral proteins - ANS-go through membrane; will go into hydrophobic region (lipids) must be
chemically different
- hydrophobic reigon has stretches of nonpolar amino acids in a alpha helix
transmembrane proteins - ANS-type of integral protein that goes through the entire membrane
functions of cell-surface membrane proteins - ANS--transport
-location of Enzyme activity
-signal transduction
-cell-cell recognition
-intercellular joining
-attach to cytoskeleton and ECM
cell-cell recognition - ANS-cells contain glycoproteins or sugars for other cells to identify it on plasma
membrane
, signal transduction - ANS-The process by which a cell responds to substances outside the cell through
signaling molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell
glycolipids - ANS-membrane carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipids
What passes through membranes easily - ANS-Hydrophobic lipids/ nonpolar molecules
What needs a protein to pass through membranes - ANS-Hydrophilic molecules including ions and polar
molecules
types of transport proteins - ANS-Carrier proteins
Channel proteins
Carrier proteins - ANS-the substance will bind to carrier protein, then change shape as modified form
channel proteins - ANS-they have an opening straight through to the cell
aquaporins - ANS-channel proteins that will transport water
passive transport - ANS-does not require ATP/ energy to transport substance across membrane
(from high concentration to low concentration)
active transport - ANS-requires ATP/ energy to transport substance across membrane
(from low concentration to high concentration)
types of passive transport - ANS-- Diffusion (simple)
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Equilibrium
- Osmosis
Concentration Gradient - ANS-occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than
another
Diffusion (simple) - ANS-- Goes right across the membrane
- passive transport
- moves along concentration gradient
Take a sugar cube and put into coffee
Facilitated Diffusion - ANS-requires use of transport proteins; needs help
- passive transport
Osmosis - ANS-looking at concentration and movement of water
Tonicity - ANS-the concentration of the solutes
