N138 Exam Study Material with Questions
Solved 100% Correct| Verified Answers
The code of ethics for nursing
social contract through which the profession informs society of the principles and rules
by which it functions.
Shapes professional self-regulation
Serves as guidelines to the members of the profession
1893: Nightingale Pledge
ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses
ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses (international counsel of nurses)
Steps in ethical decision-making
1. Clarify the ethical dilemma
2. Gather additional data
3. Identify options
4. Make a decision
5. Act
6. Evaluate
Common dilemmas resulting from personal values systems & dilemmas involving
peers and other professionals, dilemmas regarding patients' rights
Values are learned beliefs that help people choose among difficult alternatives, even
when there may not be a good choice
Professional ethics outweigh personal ethics in a professional setting.
All practicing nurses participate as members of the health care team.
Involves cooperation and collaboration
Conflicts especially in stressful situations
A disturbing reality: Providers who fail to meet standards of care routinely, who may
,simply be incompetent, or who participate in actions that are considered unethical by
other professionals.
Suprasystem/Environment
the larger environment outside of the system
Concepts 1, 2, and 3
1. an open system with human needs
2. Environment: the supra system in which a person lives in
3. Health: a continuum
General systems theory
From Ludwig von Bertalanffy
A common framework for studying several disciplines would allow scientists and
scholars to organize and communicate findings, making it easier to build on the work of
others
Components of the systems include: Input, throughput, output, evaluation, and
feedback
Understand the concept of a hospital as a system with subsystems
Open system: promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and information with other
systems and the environment
Supra-system: the larger environment outside of the system
Closed system: does not interact with other systems or with the environment
1. Hospital subsystems include all of the people working in the hospital
2. Synergy occurs when all subsystems work well together and thus create a result they
could not create on their own
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love
and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Understand homeostasis and how it applies to nursing
, Homeostasis: dynamic balance achieved by effectively functioning open systems
Attained by coordinated responses of organ systems that automatically compensate for
environmental changes
When balance is achieved they are healthy and resistant to illness
Beliefs vs. values
Belief represents our intellectual acceptance of something as true/correct
A value is an abstract representation of what is right, worthwhile or desirable
Theory-based practice
Occurs when the nurses intentionally structure their practice around a particular nursing
theory and used it to guide them as they use the nursing process: ADPIE. It shapes
theoretical orientation to practice, it facilitates the transmission of nursing knowledge
contributes to professional autonomy, and it helps develop analytical skills, challenges
thinking and clarifies values and assumptions.
Grand-to-Middle Range Theories
Grand theory is a broad conceptualization of nursing phenomena. Middle range theory
is narrower in focus and makes connections between grand theories and nursing
practice.
Peplau's Theory
develop interaction between nurse and patient. (ex. nurse facilitates interpersonal
relationships)
3 phases: Orientation, Working, Termination
1. Orientation: defines the problem and identifies the services needed by the patient.
The patient seeks assistance, asks questions, explains past experiences. This phase is the
nurse's assessment of the patient.
2.Working: Nurses make assessments about patients to use during teaching and when
contributing to their plan of care. Patients accept nurses as health educators, resources,
etc. Nurses provide nonjudgmental feedback to patients.
3.Termination: This phase is the plan to discharge the patient. Nurses teach patients
about symptom recovery and management at home.
Solved 100% Correct| Verified Answers
The code of ethics for nursing
social contract through which the profession informs society of the principles and rules
by which it functions.
Shapes professional self-regulation
Serves as guidelines to the members of the profession
1893: Nightingale Pledge
ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses
ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses (international counsel of nurses)
Steps in ethical decision-making
1. Clarify the ethical dilemma
2. Gather additional data
3. Identify options
4. Make a decision
5. Act
6. Evaluate
Common dilemmas resulting from personal values systems & dilemmas involving
peers and other professionals, dilemmas regarding patients' rights
Values are learned beliefs that help people choose among difficult alternatives, even
when there may not be a good choice
Professional ethics outweigh personal ethics in a professional setting.
All practicing nurses participate as members of the health care team.
Involves cooperation and collaboration
Conflicts especially in stressful situations
A disturbing reality: Providers who fail to meet standards of care routinely, who may
,simply be incompetent, or who participate in actions that are considered unethical by
other professionals.
Suprasystem/Environment
the larger environment outside of the system
Concepts 1, 2, and 3
1. an open system with human needs
2. Environment: the supra system in which a person lives in
3. Health: a continuum
General systems theory
From Ludwig von Bertalanffy
A common framework for studying several disciplines would allow scientists and
scholars to organize and communicate findings, making it easier to build on the work of
others
Components of the systems include: Input, throughput, output, evaluation, and
feedback
Understand the concept of a hospital as a system with subsystems
Open system: promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and information with other
systems and the environment
Supra-system: the larger environment outside of the system
Closed system: does not interact with other systems or with the environment
1. Hospital subsystems include all of the people working in the hospital
2. Synergy occurs when all subsystems work well together and thus create a result they
could not create on their own
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love
and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Understand homeostasis and how it applies to nursing
, Homeostasis: dynamic balance achieved by effectively functioning open systems
Attained by coordinated responses of organ systems that automatically compensate for
environmental changes
When balance is achieved they are healthy and resistant to illness
Beliefs vs. values
Belief represents our intellectual acceptance of something as true/correct
A value is an abstract representation of what is right, worthwhile or desirable
Theory-based practice
Occurs when the nurses intentionally structure their practice around a particular nursing
theory and used it to guide them as they use the nursing process: ADPIE. It shapes
theoretical orientation to practice, it facilitates the transmission of nursing knowledge
contributes to professional autonomy, and it helps develop analytical skills, challenges
thinking and clarifies values and assumptions.
Grand-to-Middle Range Theories
Grand theory is a broad conceptualization of nursing phenomena. Middle range theory
is narrower in focus and makes connections between grand theories and nursing
practice.
Peplau's Theory
develop interaction between nurse and patient. (ex. nurse facilitates interpersonal
relationships)
3 phases: Orientation, Working, Termination
1. Orientation: defines the problem and identifies the services needed by the patient.
The patient seeks assistance, asks questions, explains past experiences. This phase is the
nurse's assessment of the patient.
2.Working: Nurses make assessments about patients to use during teaching and when
contributing to their plan of care. Patients accept nurses as health educators, resources,
etc. Nurses provide nonjudgmental feedback to patients.
3.Termination: This phase is the plan to discharge the patient. Nurses teach patients
about symptom recovery and management at home.
