GCSE CHEMISTRY (AQA) EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST 2025 UPDATE.
Melting point range - answer- the span of temperature from the point at which a solid first
begins to liquefy to the point at which the entire sample is liquid. Purer substances have a smaller
range.
Chromatogram - answer- a separated pattern of substances in a mixture, obtained by
chromatography
Retention factor - answer- distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent
Pipette - answer- a slender tube attached to or incorporating a bulb, for transferring or
measuring out small quantities of liquid.
Test for water - answer- white anhydrous copper(ii) sulfate turns blue or blue cobalt(ii) chloride
paper turns pink.
Element - answer- a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Atom - answer- the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the
element
Periodic table - answer- a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number,
usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical
properties) appear in vertical columns.
Compound - answer- a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined
by chemical bonds
Chemical equation - answer- a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show
the relationship between the reactants and the products
,Chromatography - answer- a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture
based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another
material.
Filtration - answer- a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Distillation - answer- a process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled
to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid
Crystallization - answer- a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance
from a solution that contains the dissolved substance.
Leibig condenser - answer- glassware used to condense water vapour, that consists of two tubes
one inside the other with space between for circulation of water.
Fractional distillation - answer- the separation of the components in a mixture of liquids having
different boiling points by vaporization.
John dalton - answer- english chemist who developed the atomic theory of matter through an
experiment of gases. His theory states: a) all elements are composed of atoms and atoms can't be
divided or destroyed. B) atoms of the same element are exactly alike. C) atoms of different
elements are different from each other. D) the atoms of 2 or more elements can join together to
form types of matter called compounds.
J. J. Thompson - answer- proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom, with electrons as
negative particles embedded in a positive cloud.
Plum-pudding model - answer- negatively charged electrons were small particles held within a
positively charged sphere, proposed by thompson
, Ernest rutherford - answer- british physicist (born in new zealand) who discovered the atomic
nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937)
Niels bohr - answer- discovered electrons travel around the nucleus in well-defined energy
levels. Electrons that absorb energy move to a higher energy level. Electrons that give off light
energy return to their normal ground state or energy level.
James chadwick - answer- a british physicist, who confirmed the existence of *neutrons*,
which have no charge. Atomic nuclei contain neutrons and positively charged protons in the
electron cloud model.
Electron - answer- a tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.
Nucleus - answer- a region that is located at the centre of an atom and contains most of the
atom's mass (protons and neutrons)
Proton - answer- a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus
of an atom
Neutron - answer- a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of
an atom
Atomic number - answer- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic mass - answer- the average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Mixture - answer- a combination of two or more substances that are *not* chemically combined
Chemical reaction - answer- the process by which one or more substances change to produce
one or more different substances
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST 2025 UPDATE.
Melting point range - answer- the span of temperature from the point at which a solid first
begins to liquefy to the point at which the entire sample is liquid. Purer substances have a smaller
range.
Chromatogram - answer- a separated pattern of substances in a mixture, obtained by
chromatography
Retention factor - answer- distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent
Pipette - answer- a slender tube attached to or incorporating a bulb, for transferring or
measuring out small quantities of liquid.
Test for water - answer- white anhydrous copper(ii) sulfate turns blue or blue cobalt(ii) chloride
paper turns pink.
Element - answer- a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Atom - answer- the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the
element
Periodic table - answer- a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number,
usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical
properties) appear in vertical columns.
Compound - answer- a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined
by chemical bonds
Chemical equation - answer- a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show
the relationship between the reactants and the products
,Chromatography - answer- a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture
based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another
material.
Filtration - answer- a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Distillation - answer- a process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled
to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid
Crystallization - answer- a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance
from a solution that contains the dissolved substance.
Leibig condenser - answer- glassware used to condense water vapour, that consists of two tubes
one inside the other with space between for circulation of water.
Fractional distillation - answer- the separation of the components in a mixture of liquids having
different boiling points by vaporization.
John dalton - answer- english chemist who developed the atomic theory of matter through an
experiment of gases. His theory states: a) all elements are composed of atoms and atoms can't be
divided or destroyed. B) atoms of the same element are exactly alike. C) atoms of different
elements are different from each other. D) the atoms of 2 or more elements can join together to
form types of matter called compounds.
J. J. Thompson - answer- proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom, with electrons as
negative particles embedded in a positive cloud.
Plum-pudding model - answer- negatively charged electrons were small particles held within a
positively charged sphere, proposed by thompson
, Ernest rutherford - answer- british physicist (born in new zealand) who discovered the atomic
nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937)
Niels bohr - answer- discovered electrons travel around the nucleus in well-defined energy
levels. Electrons that absorb energy move to a higher energy level. Electrons that give off light
energy return to their normal ground state or energy level.
James chadwick - answer- a british physicist, who confirmed the existence of *neutrons*,
which have no charge. Atomic nuclei contain neutrons and positively charged protons in the
electron cloud model.
Electron - answer- a tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.
Nucleus - answer- a region that is located at the centre of an atom and contains most of the
atom's mass (protons and neutrons)
Proton - answer- a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus
of an atom
Neutron - answer- a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of
an atom
Atomic number - answer- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic mass - answer- the average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Mixture - answer- a combination of two or more substances that are *not* chemically combined
Chemical reaction - answer- the process by which one or more substances change to produce
one or more different substances
