PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
sr sr sr sr sr
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK sr sr sr sr sr
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
sr sr sr sr
sr
MULTIPLE CHOICE sr sr
sr
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: C sr sr
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their s
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urroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metab
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
olic absorption. sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 2 sr sr sr
sr
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus sr sr sr
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: C sr sr
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, mo
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st of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
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contain most of a cell’s genetic information. sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 2 sr sr sr
sr
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative r
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eaction? sr
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes sr sr sr
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: B sr sr
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remov
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
e hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, whi
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ch is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from perox
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
isomes. Ribosomes are RNA- sr sr sr
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into t
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
he cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysoso
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
mes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
s, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 8 sr sr sr
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK sr sr sr sr sr
sr
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell inju
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ry? sr
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum sr sr sr sr sr
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: D sr sr
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzym
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
es within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic m
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
atrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cell
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Pages 7-8 sr sr sr
sr
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosom
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
e for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: A sr sr
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options
r sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5 sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. G1 c. G2 sr sr sr
b. S d. M sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: B sr sr
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the pe
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
riod between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synt
r sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
hesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
division.
r sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 37 sr sr sr
sr
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as recept
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Lipids c. Proteins sr sr sr
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK sr sr sr sr sr
b. Proteases sr d. Carbohydrates
sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: C sr sr
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and o
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ut of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles calle
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
d ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) sp
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ecific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, parti
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
cularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for exa
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
mple, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
other options do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 13 | Page 15 sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
which human diseases?
sr sr sr
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders sr sr sr sr
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders sr sr sr sr
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders sr sr sr sr
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: B sr sr
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug interv
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
entions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, includin
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
g cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correct
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 15 sr sr sr
sr
9. Which structure prevents water-
sr sr sr
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? NURSINGTB.COM
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Carbohydrate chains sr sr c. Membrane channel proteins
sr sr sr sr
b. Glycoprotein channels sr sr d. Lipid bilayer
sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: D sr sr
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
It is impermeable to most water-
r sr sr sr sr sr
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to th
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
e diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it rea
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
dily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Pages 12-13 sr sr sr
sr
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
sr sr sr sr sr
a. How a cell membrane functions sr sr sr sr sr
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
c. How tissue is differentiated sr sr sr sr
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
NURSINGTB.COM
sr sr sr sr sr
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK sr sr sr sr sr
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
sr sr sr sr
sr
MULTIPLE CHOICE sr sr
sr
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: C sr sr
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their s
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
urroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metab
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
olic absorption. sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 2 sr sr sr
sr
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus sr sr sr
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: C sr sr
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, mo
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
st of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
contain most of a cell’s genetic information. sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 2 sr sr sr
sr
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative r
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
eaction? sr
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes sr sr sr
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: B sr sr
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remov
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
e hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, whi
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ch is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from perox
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
isomes. Ribosomes are RNA- sr sr sr
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into t
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
he cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysoso
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
mes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
s, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 8 sr sr sr
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK sr sr sr sr sr
sr
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell inju
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ry? sr
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum sr sr sr sr sr
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: D sr sr
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzym
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
es within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic m
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
atrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cell
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Pages 7-8 sr sr sr
sr
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosom
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
e for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: A sr sr
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options
r sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5 sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. G1 c. G2 sr sr sr
b. S d. M sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: B sr sr
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the pe
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
riod between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synt
r sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
hesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
division.
r sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 37 sr sr sr
sr
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as recept
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Lipids c. Proteins sr sr sr
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK sr sr sr sr sr
b. Proteases sr d. Carbohydrates
sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: C sr sr
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and o
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ut of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles calle
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
d ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) sp
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ecific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, parti
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
cularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for exa
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
mple, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
other options do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 13 | Page 15 sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
which human diseases?
sr sr sr
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders sr sr sr sr
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders sr sr sr sr
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders sr sr sr sr
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders sr sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: B sr sr
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug interv
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
entions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, includin
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
g cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correct
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
ly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Page 15 sr sr sr
sr
9. Which structure prevents water-
sr sr sr
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? NURSINGTB.COM
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
a. Carbohydrate chains sr sr c. Membrane channel proteins
sr sr sr sr
b. Glycoprotein channels sr sr d. Lipid bilayer
sr sr sr
sr
sr
ANS: D sr sr
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr s
It is impermeable to most water-
r sr sr sr sr sr
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to th
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
e diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it rea
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
dily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
sr
PTS: 1 sr sr REF: Pages 12-13 sr sr sr
sr
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
sr sr sr sr sr
a. How a cell membrane functions sr sr sr sr sr
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
c. How tissue is differentiated sr sr sr sr
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr sr
NURSINGTB.COM
