NUTR 331: Units 1-15 (Final) questions and
answers
Explain the concept of dietary patterns - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔refers to the
complex mixture of many different foods that people eat. A dietary pattern is the sum
of thousands of individual substances
define phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diverse group of substances that
share three features- they are organic, they are found in plant foods, and they are not
vitamins (i.e., they are not essential)
Define carotenoids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carotenoids are one group of
phytochemicals
Two types of carotenoids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Beta- carotene (the yellow
substance in carrots which the body can convert to vitamin A)
2. Lycopene (the red substance in tomatoes)
diet rich in phytochemicals is associated with - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a low risk
of such diseases as heart disease and cancer
describe the general characteristics of vitamins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Vitamins
are essential, noncaloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts in the diet, and
help derive cell processed in the body
4 Actions of Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Coenzymes help enzymes in
regulating metabolism (vitamin B)
,2. Hormones like (vitamin D)
3. Antioxidants (vitamins C and E)
4. Some assist in the formation of bones and tissues (vitamins A and C)
2 classes of vitamins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔water soluble and fat soluble
Discuss fat soluble vitamins absorption, storage and excretion, potential toxicity to
the body, and retention in food through processing and storage - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔1. Fat soluble Vitamins (ADEK) are found in the fats and oils of foods
and require bile for absorption
2. Stored in the liver and fatty tissues until the body needs them and cannot excrete
in urine
3. Toxic buildup if you take too much
4. Body can survive weeks of consuming foods that lack these vitamins hence
deficiency symptoms may take a long time to develop
Discuss water vitamins absorption, storage and excretion, potential toxicity to the
body, and retention in food through processing and storage - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1. Water soluble vitamins (BC) are absorbed into the bloodstream and travel
freely
2. most are not stored in tissue. excesses are quickly excreted in urine
immediate toxicities not as great as fat-soluble
Functions and sources of vitamins A - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. roles in gene
expression, vision, maintenance of body linings and skin, immune defenses, growth
of bones and of the body, normal development of cells, reproduction (deficient
blindness)
2. Amounts of milk, milk alternatives, and dark green and orange vegetables
,Functions and sources of vitamins D - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. production and
development of red blood cells, cellular
2. liver, eggs, fish liver oils, and butter. In Canada, fluid milk, skim milk powder,
margarine, and some brands of yogurts are fortified with synthetic vitamin D
Describe functions and sources of vitamins C - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
Preventing or curing scurvy, colds, flu, cold sores
2. Fruit and veggies
Describe functions and sources of vitamins B12 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
needed to activate folate and work cooperatively with folate in the synthesis of DNA
during cellular reproduction. Deficiency affects tissues that have a high turnover,
such as red blood cells and cells of the gastrointestinal tract
2. Present only in foods derived from animals like meat, milk, and eggs are other
good sources
Secondary deficiency of vitamin B12 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pernicious anemia
is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor (needed to absorb b12), rather than lack of B12,
and can lead to nerve damage (nerves use B12)
Describe functions and sources of folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Critical for
many cells throughout the body as it functions chiefly as a part of coenzymes needed
for new cell synthesis
2. Green leafy vegetables (spinach, asparagus, and broccoli), dried beans, lentils, and
liver
, Lack of folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Negatively affects cells that divide quickly
or or have a high turnover, especially red blood cells,
white blood cells, and a developing fetus
Identify dairies that contain Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, Soy
beverage
Identify dairies that contain Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, soy
beverage
Identify dairies that contain Folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, soy
beverage
Identify dairies that contain Vitamin B12 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, soy
beverage, cheese, yogurt
Identify fruits and vegetables that contain Vitamin C - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Broccoli, tomato, blueberries, red bell pepper, Guava, Kiwi
Identify fruits and vegetables that contain Folate - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Broccoli, Tomato, Asparagus, OJ
Identify fruits and vegetables that contain Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Carrots, broccoli, tomato, yams
Identify meats that contain Folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lentils, egg, peanut
butter
answers
Explain the concept of dietary patterns - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔refers to the
complex mixture of many different foods that people eat. A dietary pattern is the sum
of thousands of individual substances
define phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diverse group of substances that
share three features- they are organic, they are found in plant foods, and they are not
vitamins (i.e., they are not essential)
Define carotenoids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Carotenoids are one group of
phytochemicals
Two types of carotenoids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Beta- carotene (the yellow
substance in carrots which the body can convert to vitamin A)
2. Lycopene (the red substance in tomatoes)
diet rich in phytochemicals is associated with - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a low risk
of such diseases as heart disease and cancer
describe the general characteristics of vitamins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Vitamins
are essential, noncaloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts in the diet, and
help derive cell processed in the body
4 Actions of Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Coenzymes help enzymes in
regulating metabolism (vitamin B)
,2. Hormones like (vitamin D)
3. Antioxidants (vitamins C and E)
4. Some assist in the formation of bones and tissues (vitamins A and C)
2 classes of vitamins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔water soluble and fat soluble
Discuss fat soluble vitamins absorption, storage and excretion, potential toxicity to
the body, and retention in food through processing and storage - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔1. Fat soluble Vitamins (ADEK) are found in the fats and oils of foods
and require bile for absorption
2. Stored in the liver and fatty tissues until the body needs them and cannot excrete
in urine
3. Toxic buildup if you take too much
4. Body can survive weeks of consuming foods that lack these vitamins hence
deficiency symptoms may take a long time to develop
Discuss water vitamins absorption, storage and excretion, potential toxicity to the
body, and retention in food through processing and storage - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1. Water soluble vitamins (BC) are absorbed into the bloodstream and travel
freely
2. most are not stored in tissue. excesses are quickly excreted in urine
immediate toxicities not as great as fat-soluble
Functions and sources of vitamins A - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. roles in gene
expression, vision, maintenance of body linings and skin, immune defenses, growth
of bones and of the body, normal development of cells, reproduction (deficient
blindness)
2. Amounts of milk, milk alternatives, and dark green and orange vegetables
,Functions and sources of vitamins D - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. production and
development of red blood cells, cellular
2. liver, eggs, fish liver oils, and butter. In Canada, fluid milk, skim milk powder,
margarine, and some brands of yogurts are fortified with synthetic vitamin D
Describe functions and sources of vitamins C - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
Preventing or curing scurvy, colds, flu, cold sores
2. Fruit and veggies
Describe functions and sources of vitamins B12 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
needed to activate folate and work cooperatively with folate in the synthesis of DNA
during cellular reproduction. Deficiency affects tissues that have a high turnover,
such as red blood cells and cells of the gastrointestinal tract
2. Present only in foods derived from animals like meat, milk, and eggs are other
good sources
Secondary deficiency of vitamin B12 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pernicious anemia
is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor (needed to absorb b12), rather than lack of B12,
and can lead to nerve damage (nerves use B12)
Describe functions and sources of folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Critical for
many cells throughout the body as it functions chiefly as a part of coenzymes needed
for new cell synthesis
2. Green leafy vegetables (spinach, asparagus, and broccoli), dried beans, lentils, and
liver
, Lack of folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Negatively affects cells that divide quickly
or or have a high turnover, especially red blood cells,
white blood cells, and a developing fetus
Identify dairies that contain Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, Soy
beverage
Identify dairies that contain Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, soy
beverage
Identify dairies that contain Folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, soy
beverage
Identify dairies that contain Vitamin B12 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milk 2%, soy
beverage, cheese, yogurt
Identify fruits and vegetables that contain Vitamin C - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Broccoli, tomato, blueberries, red bell pepper, Guava, Kiwi
Identify fruits and vegetables that contain Folate - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Broccoli, Tomato, Asparagus, OJ
Identify fruits and vegetables that contain Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Carrots, broccoli, tomato, yams
Identify meats that contain Folate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lentils, egg, peanut
butter
