WGU D278 Final Exam Prep Scripting and Programming - Foundations || Questions and Correct Detailed Answers ||100% Guaranteed Pass!! <Latest Version>

WGU D278 Final Exam Prep Scripting and Programming - Foundations || Questions and Correct Detailed Answers ||100% Guaranteed Pass!! &lt;Latest Version&gt; 1.Algorithm- ANSWER Algorithm step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, generating correct output for any valid input values. Has an input, a question to answer, and desired output. Reduces the number of steps. Ensures proper ordering to improve accuracy. Computers need all steps stated clearly, making a pb&j. Don't skip steps, don't assume it knows missing steps. 2.Flowchart- ANSWER A Flowchart depicts a program graphically, using a node for each statement. 3.Statement- ANSWER A Statement action in a program that the interpreter carries out. It gets a value from input into a variable, assign a variable with a value, or puts a value to the output. Example: In the picture, each shape is a statement. 4.Universal Modeling Language (UML) (2) - ANSWER Universal Modeling Language (UML) modeling language for software design that uses different types of diagrams to visualize the structure and behavior of programs. Used in the planning process prior to when code is written. Structural Diagram visualizes static elements of software, such as the types of variables and functions used in the program (objects). The components of the program. Behavioral Diagram visualizes dynamic behavior of software, such as the flow of an algorithm (what's happening). How things work, how the objects fit together. 5.UML Diagrams (4 - Not Their Definitions) - ANSWER UML VISUAL Diagrams: Use Case Diagram Class Diagram Activity Diagram Sequence Diagram 6.Use Case Diagram- ANSWER Use Case Diagram (behavioral) used to model how a user interacts with a program. Actions from users and the accompanying actions in software, as well as connections between different components of the software. 7.Class Diagram & Class- ANSWER Class Diagram (structural) models the classes, or objects, of a program, including class' name, data members and functions. Class a code blueprint for creating an object that is composed of data members and functions that operate on those data members. Data Members various data types, such as integers, floating-point numbers, strings, booleans, or user-defined types. Pictured The "Car" class consists of two string member variables "make" and "model". Member variable names are followed by a colon and then the member variable type. The CarForSale class has a float member variable salePrice and an integer daysOnLot. A car for sale is still a car, so the CarForSale class can inherit the make and model members from the Car class, using inheritance. An arrow indicates that a class inherits the data member and functions of another class. The UsedCarLot class has a cars member that store a list of Cars and a sellCar member function to sell a car on the lot. The unfilled diamond indicates the UsedCarLot class "has" CarForSale items, which are elements of the class' cars list. A diamond connecting two classes indicates one class has data members of another class type. 8.Activity Diagram- ANSWER Activity Diagram (behavioral) flowchart of an activity (loop, function, etc.) within the program. 9.Sequence Diagram- ANSWER Sequence Diagram (behavioral) interaction between software components and the order of events. Pictured A sequence diagram can be used to illustrate the sequence of events for a web search. Horizontal arrows are used to indicate communication between the computer and the web server. Vertical dashed lines represent the lifelines of the computer and server. Horizontal dashed lines represent responses from the server. Time passes from top to bottom in the diagram, allowing the ordering of events to be determined. 10.Software Requirements Specification (SRS) - ANSWER The analysis phase of each approach commonly produces a Software Requirements Specification (SRS), a document describing all requirements for the software product. An SRS commonly has UML diagrams for several of the software product's use cases. 11.Type Conversion & Implicit Conversion- ANSWER A Type conversion conversion of one data type to another, such as an integer to a float. Implicit Conversion conversions between integer and float types automatically performed by Coral. If either operand is a float, the other is automatically converted to float. integer-to-float conversion is straightforward: 25 becomes 25.0. float-to-integer conversion just drops the fraction: 4.9 becomes 4. 3.0 / 2 = 1.5 2 is first converted to 2.0, then 3.0 / 2.0 yields 1.5. (numItems + 10) / 2 = 7 (numItems = 5) 5 + 10 is 15. 15 / 2 yields 7 (remainder of 1 is ignored). (numItems + 10) / 2.0 = 7.5 (numItems = 5) 5 + 10 is 15. That integer is converted to float 15.0. Then 15.0 / 2.0 yields 7.5. 12.Type Cast- ANSWER A Type Cast converts a value of one type to another type, integer to floating-point. A programmer can type cast an integer to float by multiplying the integer by the float literal 1.0. Example: If myIntVar is 7, then myIntVar * 1.0 converts integer 7 to float 7.0. In the picture, the program casts the numerator to float so floating-point division is performed. 13.Modulo Operator- ANSWER A Modulo Operator (%) evaluates to the remainder of the division of two integer operands. Examples 9 % 5 = 4. Reason: 5 goes into 9 one time and 5 - 9 = 4. 70 % 7 is 0. Reason: 70 / 7 is 10 with remainder 0. 1 % 2 is 1. Reason: 2 goes into 1 zero times and 2 - 1 = 0 10 % 4.0 is not valid. "Remainder" only makes sense for integer operands because 4.0 does not go into 10 at all. 100 % (1 / 2) = Error. Reason: 1 / 2 is 0. 100 % 0 is undefined (as 100 / 0 is undefined) and causes the program to terminate. 14.Boolean- ANSWER A Boolean quantity that has only two possible values, true or false. 15.Constant- ANSWER A Constant named value item that holds a value that cannot change. Good practice is to name constants using upper case letters with words separated by underscores, to make constants clearly visible, PRICE_DISCOUNT. Pi is a mathematical constant. 16.Program (3) - ANSWER A Program statements executing one at a time. Input: Program gets data, from file(s), keyboard, touchscreen, network. Process: Program performs computations on that data, adding two values like x + y. Output: Program puts that data somewhere, file, screen, network. Computational Thinking Computational Thinking creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem. 17.Variables- ANSWER A Variables name with a value that can be changed, x, y, z, numPeople. 18.Code: Variables and Assignments- ANSWER A Code: Variables and Assignments uses code to describe a flowchart's variables and statements. 1) Declare each variable's type and name, one variable declaration per line. 2) List each program statement in order, one statement per line. 19.Function Equations (4) - ANSWER A SquareRoot() AbsoluteValue() = |y| = AbsoluteValue(y) RaiseToPower() = x^3 = RaiseToPower(x, 3) SeedRandomNumbers() -elseif Branches- ANSWER A if-elseif Branches have cascaded decisions along the false branches. Only one true branch can execute. If-elseif branches are commonly used to detect ranges, with the lower end of the range implicit.