Collectivist society - Answers A society in which people identify with and conform to the expectations of
their relatives or clan, who look after their interests in return for their loyalty. The group has priority
over the individual. A synonym is communal society
Communal society - Answers Same as collectivist society-
A society in which people identify with and conform to the expectations of their relatives or clan, who
look after their interests in return for their loyalty. The group has priority over the individual
Heteronormativity - Answers The idea that gender is binary- a person is either male or female- and that
heterosexuality is the only normal, acceptable, or "real" option for all individuals.
Legal Same-Sex Marriage - Answers Currently all states allow same-sex marriage
Companionate marriage - Answers being each others friends and lovers; meeting all love, sexual and
romantic needs
Expectations of permanence - Answers one component of the marriage premise, according to which
individuals enter marriage expecting that mutual affection and commitment will be lasting
Expectations of sexual exclusivity - Answers The cultural ideal according to which spouses promise to
have sexual relations with only each other
Individualistic society - Answers society in which the main concern is with one's own interests (may or
may not include those of one's immediate family)
Individualized marriage - Answers 1) it is optional
2) spouses' roles are flexible- negotiable and renegotiable
3) its expected rewards involve love, communication, and emotional intimacy
4) it exists in conjunction with a vast diversity of family forms
Institutional marriage - Answers marriage as a social institution based on dutiful adherence to the time-
honored premise, particularly the norm of permanence
Marriage gap - Answers disparity in marriage rates between the poor and those who are not poor. those
who are poorer are less likely to be married
Marriage premise - Answers by getting married, partners accept the responsibility to keep each other
primary in their lives and to work hard to ensure that their relationship continues
based on two expectations-
, 1) expectations of permanence
2) expectations of primariness (often includes sexual exclusivity)
Polyamory - Answers a marriage system in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually love
others in addition to their spouses
Polygamy - Answers a marriage system in which a person takes more than one spouse
Polyandry - Answers polygamy in which a woman has more than one husband
Swinging - Answers a marriage agreement in which couple exchange partners to engage in purely
recreational sex
Accomplishment of natural growth parenting model - Answers Educational model in which children's
abilities are allowed to develop naturally; this includes working-class children spending more time
watching television and playing video games than children of highly educated parents
Stress model of parental effectiveness - Answers The idea that stress experiences by parents causes
parental frustration, anger, and depression, increasing the likelihood of household conflict and leading
to pooer parenting practices
Authoritarian parenting - Answers All decision making is in parents' hands, and the emphasis is on
compliance with rules and directives. Parents are more punitive than supportive, and use of physical
punishment is likely
Authoritative parenting - Answers Parents accept the child's personality and talents and are emotionally
supportive. At the same time, they consciously set and enforce rules and limits, whose rationale is
usually explained to the child. Parents provide guidance and direction and state expectations for the
child's behavior. Parents are in charge, but the child is given responsibility and must take the initiative in
completing schoolwork and other tasks and in solving child-level problems
Permissive parenting - Answers Gives children little parental guidance
Formal kinship care - Answers out-of-home placement with biological relatives of the children who are
in the custody of the state
Hierarchical parenting - Answers concept used to describe a Hispanic parenting philosophy that blends
warm emotional support for children with demand for significant respect for parents and other
authority figures, including older extended-family members
Hyperparenting - Answers "helicopter parents"; hyperparents hover over and meddle excessively in
their children's lives; also called intensive parenting
Intensive parenting - Answers Another name for hyperparenting-
"helicopter parents"; hyperparents hover over and meddle excessively in their children's lives