exam 1-Classical conditioning-Learning questions and answers

exam 1-Classical conditioning/Learning
questions and answers

Ivan Pavlov - Correct Answers -physiologist who studied the basic processes digestion
and discovered his learning theory (classical conditioning)

stimulus - Correct Answers -an action that brings about a response

response - Correct Answers -a reaction to a stimulus

spontaneous recovery - Correct Answers -when a previously extinguished Conditioned
Response (CR) returns after a rest interval

aversion - Correct Answers -avoidance

classical conditioning - Correct Answers -type of learning in which a stimulus acquires
the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another, formerly
neutral, stimulus

unconditioned response - Correct Answers -an automatic and not learned reaction to a
given stimulus

delayed conditioning - Correct Answers -A procedure in which a CS is presented and
then continues until a US is presented. best learning-predictive value

simultaneous conditioning - Correct Answers -A procedure in which a CS and a US are
presented at the same time; virtually no learning

latent inhibition - Correct Answers -slower conditioning to a CS because of previous
presentations of the CS by itself

associative bias/preparedness - Correct Answers -the tendency to associate some CS-
US combinations more readily than others.

mackintosh model - Correct Answers -conditioning is partly a function of the salience of
the CS.

Pavlov's experiment - Correct Answers -NS - bell
UCS - food
UCR - drooling
CS - bell

, CR - drooling

Little Albert - Correct Answers -NS - the rat
UCS - loud noises
UCR - crying
CS - the rat
CR - crying

Little Albert - Neutral Stimulus - Correct Answers -the rat

Pavlovs Dog - Neutral Stimulus - Correct Answers -the bell

acquisition - Correct Answers -in classical conditioning the process through which an
organism learns to associate two events (the conditioned stimulus and the
unconditioned stimulus)

aversion therapy - Correct Answers -a form of treatment using classical conditioning to
cause an undesired behavior to create an unwanted response, thereby reducing the
incidence of the behavior.

conditioned response (CR) - Correct Answers -the learned or acquired response to the
conditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus (CS) - Correct Answers -the stimulus that is neutral at the start of
classical conditioning and does not normally produce an unconditioned response but
eventually becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus

extinction - Correct Answers -when a response no longer occurs. In classical
conditioning, extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented several times
after the unconditioned stimulus has been withdrawn.

graduated exposure - Correct Answers -a form of treatment using gradually increasing
levels of fear-provoking stimuli paired with induced relaxation, thereby reducing the
incidence and level of phobic reaction to the stimulus

neutral stimulus (NS) - Correct Answers -the name given to the conditioned stimulus
before it becomes conditioned. It is referred to as a neutral stimulus while it fails to
produce a response.

discrimination - Correct Answers -when an organism responds to the conditioned
stimulus but not to any stimulus which is similar to the conditioned stimulus.

unconditioned response (UCR) - Correct Answers -the response that occurs
automatically when the unconditioned stimulus is presented. The UCR is a reflexive or
involuntary response as it is predictably
caused by an UCS.