Samenvatting - virologie (OG6019)

VIROLOGIE
Inhoud
1. Inleiding.......................................................................................................................... 3
2. PLUS-RNA virussen......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Naakt......................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Picornaviridae: entero-, rhino-, aphto-, cardio-, hepatovirus (HAV)......................3
2.1.2 Caliciviridae: hepatitis-E-virus (HEV), norwalkvirus..............................................5
2.1.3 Astroviridae: astrovirus........................................................................................6
2.2 Envelopped................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1 Togaviridae: rubella-, sindbisvirus.......................................................................6
2.2.2 Flaviviridae: gele koorts-, SARS-, dengue-, pesti-, HCV........................................7
2.2.3 Coronaviridae: verkoudheidsvirus.......................................................................8
3. MINUS-RNA virussen..................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Mononegavirales (niet-gesegmenteerd)..................................................................10
3.1.1 Rhabdoviridae: VSV, rabiesvirus….....................................................................10
3.1.2 Paramyxoviridae: bof (rubellavirus), mazelen (morbillivirus)…..........................11
3.1.3 Filoviridae: ebola, marbugvirus…......................................................................12
3.2 Andere minus RNA virussen.....................................................................................12
3.2.1 Orthomyxoviridae: griepvirus A,B,C (influenza).................................................13
3.2.2 Bunyaviridae...................................................................................................... 14
3.2.3 Arenaviridae: robovirus.....................................................................................15
3.2.4 Reoviridae: rotavirus......................................................................................... 15
4. DNA-virussen................................................................................................................ 17
4.1 Envelopped.............................................................................................................. 17
4.1.1 Hepadnaviridae: HBV......................................................................................... 17
4.1.2 Herpesviridae.................................................................................................... 19
4.1.3 Poxyviridae........................................................................................................ 20
4.2 Naakt....................................................................................................................... 20
4.2.1 Parvoviridae....................................................................................................... 20
4.2.2 Papovaviridae: papillomavirus en polyomavirus................................................21
4.2.3 Adenoviridae..................................................................................................... 22
5. RETROvirussen............................................................................................................. 24
5.1 Lentivirinae: Humaan immunodeficiëntie virus (HIV)...............................................24
5.2 Oncovirinae: HTLV................................................................................................... 25
5.3 spumavirinae: HFV................................................................................................... 26
5.4 Virale vectoren........................................................................................................ 27


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,6. Diagnostiek................................................................................................................... 27
7. Vaccinatie..................................................................................................................... 28




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, 1. INLEIDING




2. PLUS-RNA VIRUSSEN
ss-RNA genoom dat direct geschikt is voor translatie: streng onmiddellijk ter beschikking
voor ribosomen om vertaald te worden. Kan direct eiwitsynthese starten in cytoplasma
gastcel.




2.1 NAAKT

Genoom met eiwitmantel, meestal kleiner dan envelopped.


2.1.1 PICORNAVIRIDAE : ENTERO-, RHINO-, APHTO-, CARDIO-, HEPATOVIRUS
(HAV)
 Isocahedrale eiwitmantel (kapsied)
o 3x20 kapsomeren (VP1/VP2/VP3 = 1
vlak)
o VP4 (binnenin)
o Donkere zone: effectief contact met
receptoren gastheercel (dokking)
o Binnenin genoom: 1 open reading
frame = leesraam translatie (punt
van RNA van startcodon tot
stopcodon) → in 1 stuk vertaald → 1
lang polypeptide van vertaald
 Enterovirus → polio, rhinovirus → 1/3 alle verkoudheden, aphtovirus → zweren
o Enterovirus verplichte vaccinatie!
5’ +RNA 3’ via RDRP → 3’ -RNA 5’ via RDRP → 5’ +RNA 3’
Indien mutatie: eventueel toch polio
o Rhinovirus: verkoudheid mens, runderen,… → 100-tal serotypes van HRV →
geen vaccinatie mogelijk (ziekte ook niet ernstig genoeg) + geen
kruisimmuniteit tussen verschillende serotypes → kan niet gokken welk
serotype verkoudheid veroorzaakt en zo vaccinatie toedienen
o Aphtovirus: mond- en klauwzeervirus
 Cardiovirus
o Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV): encephalitis, neurodegeneratie,
myocarditis (ontsteking hartspier)


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