Misc Healthcare Topics
Cv: Arrhythmias
Compiled By Masterpiecesolutions
Edition: 2025/26
, Medical & Nursing | Misc Healthcare Topics I of VI pages
1. If ectopic beats are spontaneous and the patient has a normal heart, treatment is rarely required and
If ectopic beats are spontaneous and the patient has a normal heart, treatment is rarely required and
to the patient will often suffice. If they are particularly troublesome, beta-blockers are sometimes effective and
2. Atrial fibrillation can be managed by either controlling the ventricular rate (r______ control) or by
Atrial fibrillation can be managed by either controlling the ventricular rate (rate control) or by attempting to
3. All patients with life-threatening haemodynamic instability caused by new-onset atrial fibrillation should
All patients with life-threatening haemodynamic instability caused by new-onset atrial fibrillation should
4. In patients presenting acutely but without life-threatening haemodynamic instability, rate or rhythm control
be offered if the onset of arrhythmia is less than __ hours; _____ control is preferred if onset is more than __
In patients presenting acutely but without life-threatening haemodynamic instability, rate or rhythm control
be offered if the onset of arrhythmia is less than 48 hours; rate control is preferred if onset is more than 48
5. If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous _____________, or alternatively _______
can be used (_______ hydrochloride is preferred if there is structural heart disease). If urgent rate control is
If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous amiodarone hydrochloride, or alternatively
acetate, can be used (amiodarone hydrochloride is preferred if there is structural heart disease). If urgent rate
6. If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous amiodarone hydrochloride, or alternatively
If urgent rate control is required, a ________ or ___________can be given intravenously.
If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous amiodarone hydrochloride, or alternatively
acetate, can be used (amiodarone hydrochloride is preferred if there is structural heart disease). If urgent rate
7. If atrial fibrillation has been present for more than 48 hours, _________ cardioversion is preferred and
not be attempted until the patient has been fully anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks; if this is not possible,
If atrial fibrillation has been present for more than 48 hours, electrical cardioversion is preferred and should
be attempted until the patient has been fully anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks; if this is not possible,
8. What is the preferred first-line drug treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation except in patients with
Rate control is the preferred first-line drug treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation except in patients with
atrial fibrillation, heart failure secondary to atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter suitable for an ablation strategy,
9. Ventricular rate can be controlled with what? (2)
Standard beta-blocker (NOT sotalol)
2. A rate-limiting CCB such as diltiazem or verapamil monotherapy.
10. Digoxin should be used only in what AF patients?
Digoxin is only effective at controlling the ventricular rate at rest, and should only be used as monotherapy
11. If rate control monotherapy of AF fails what can be done?
When a single drug fails to adequately control the ventricular rate, a combination of two drugs including a
12. If rate control dual therapy of AF fails what can be done?
If symptoms are not controlled with a combination of two drugs, a rhythm-control strategy should be
If ventricular function is diminished, the combination of a beta-blocker (that is licensed for use in heart
and digoxin is preferred. Digoxin is also used when atrial fibrillation is accompanied by congestive heart
Misc Healthcare Topics 2025/26 Edition
Cv: Arrhythmias
Compiled By Masterpiecesolutions
Edition: 2025/26
, Medical & Nursing | Misc Healthcare Topics I of VI pages
1. If ectopic beats are spontaneous and the patient has a normal heart, treatment is rarely required and
If ectopic beats are spontaneous and the patient has a normal heart, treatment is rarely required and
to the patient will often suffice. If they are particularly troublesome, beta-blockers are sometimes effective and
2. Atrial fibrillation can be managed by either controlling the ventricular rate (r______ control) or by
Atrial fibrillation can be managed by either controlling the ventricular rate (rate control) or by attempting to
3. All patients with life-threatening haemodynamic instability caused by new-onset atrial fibrillation should
All patients with life-threatening haemodynamic instability caused by new-onset atrial fibrillation should
4. In patients presenting acutely but without life-threatening haemodynamic instability, rate or rhythm control
be offered if the onset of arrhythmia is less than __ hours; _____ control is preferred if onset is more than __
In patients presenting acutely but without life-threatening haemodynamic instability, rate or rhythm control
be offered if the onset of arrhythmia is less than 48 hours; rate control is preferred if onset is more than 48
5. If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous _____________, or alternatively _______
can be used (_______ hydrochloride is preferred if there is structural heart disease). If urgent rate control is
If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous amiodarone hydrochloride, or alternatively
acetate, can be used (amiodarone hydrochloride is preferred if there is structural heart disease). If urgent rate
6. If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous amiodarone hydrochloride, or alternatively
If urgent rate control is required, a ________ or ___________can be given intravenously.
If pharmacological cardioversion has been agreed, intravenous amiodarone hydrochloride, or alternatively
acetate, can be used (amiodarone hydrochloride is preferred if there is structural heart disease). If urgent rate
7. If atrial fibrillation has been present for more than 48 hours, _________ cardioversion is preferred and
not be attempted until the patient has been fully anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks; if this is not possible,
If atrial fibrillation has been present for more than 48 hours, electrical cardioversion is preferred and should
be attempted until the patient has been fully anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks; if this is not possible,
8. What is the preferred first-line drug treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation except in patients with
Rate control is the preferred first-line drug treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation except in patients with
atrial fibrillation, heart failure secondary to atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter suitable for an ablation strategy,
9. Ventricular rate can be controlled with what? (2)
Standard beta-blocker (NOT sotalol)
2. A rate-limiting CCB such as diltiazem or verapamil monotherapy.
10. Digoxin should be used only in what AF patients?
Digoxin is only effective at controlling the ventricular rate at rest, and should only be used as monotherapy
11. If rate control monotherapy of AF fails what can be done?
When a single drug fails to adequately control the ventricular rate, a combination of two drugs including a
12. If rate control dual therapy of AF fails what can be done?
If symptoms are not controlled with a combination of two drugs, a rhythm-control strategy should be
If ventricular function is diminished, the combination of a beta-blocker (that is licensed for use in heart
and digoxin is preferred. Digoxin is also used when atrial fibrillation is accompanied by congestive heart
Misc Healthcare Topics 2025/26 Edition
