TEST BANK
,Essentials of Pathophysiology 4th Edition by Porth Test Bank
Chapter 01 - Cell Structure and Function
MULTIPLE CHOICE
(Answers are at the end of each Chapter)
1. The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
a. is the site of protein synthesis
b. contains the genetic code
c. transforms cellular energy
d. initiates aerobic metabolism
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell because
they:
a. contain RNA for protein synthesis.
b. utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
c. extract energy from organic compounds.
d. store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:
a. bound and transmembrane proteins.
b. complex, long carbohydrate chains.
c. surface antigens and hormone receptors.
d. a gating system of selective ion channels.
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
a. displace surface receptor proteins.
b. accumulate within cell gap junctions.
c. bind to contractile microfilaments.
d. release secretions into extracellular fluid
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
, a. removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
b. combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
c. activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
d. breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the extracellular fluid.
a. Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
b. Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
c. Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
d. Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
a. diffusion of current-carrying ions.
b. millivoltage of electrical potential.
c. polarization of charged particles.
d. ion channel neurotransmission.
8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which of
the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?
a. Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not extend to surface
b. Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membrane
c. Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying connective tissue
d. Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on basement membrane
9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
a. providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
, b. synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
c. forming itendons i and i the ifascia i that icovers i muscles.
d. filling ispaces ibetween i tissues ito ikeep iorgans i in iplace.
10. Although iall imuscle itissue icells ihave isome isimilarities, ismooth imuscle i(also iknown ias
iinvoluntary imuscle) idiffers iby:
A) having idense i bodies iattached ito iactin i filaments.
B) containing isarcomeres i between i Z i lines i and iM i bands.
C) having i rapid i contractions i and i abundant i cross-striations.
D) contracting iin iresponse i to iincreased i intracellular i calcium.
11. Which iof ithe ifollowing i aspects i of ithe ifunction i of i the i nucleus i is iperformed i by iribosomal i RNA
i (rRNA)?
A) Copying iand icarrying iDNA i instructions i for i protein i synthesis
B) Carrying iamino iacids i to i the isite iof iprotein i synthesis
C) Providing ithe isite i where i protein i synthesis i occurs
D) Regulating iand i controlling i protein i synthesis
12. Breakdown iand iremoval iof iforeign isubstances iand iworn-out icell iparts iare iperformed iby iwhich iof
ithe ifollowing iorganelles?
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi i apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic ireticulum i(ER)
13. Impairment iin ithe ifunction i of iperoxisomes i would iresult iin:
A) inadequate isites i for i protein isynthesis.
B) an iinability ito itransport i cellular i products iacross ithe i cell imembrane.
,Essentials of Pathophysiology 4th Edition by Porth Test Bank
Chapter 01 - Cell Structure and Function
MULTIPLE CHOICE
(Answers are at the end of each Chapter)
1. The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
a. is the site of protein synthesis
b. contains the genetic code
c. transforms cellular energy
d. initiates aerobic metabolism
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell because
they:
a. contain RNA for protein synthesis.
b. utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
c. extract energy from organic compounds.
d. store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:
a. bound and transmembrane proteins.
b. complex, long carbohydrate chains.
c. surface antigens and hormone receptors.
d. a gating system of selective ion channels.
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
a. displace surface receptor proteins.
b. accumulate within cell gap junctions.
c. bind to contractile microfilaments.
d. release secretions into extracellular fluid
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
, a. removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
b. combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
c. activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
d. breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the extracellular fluid.
a. Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
b. Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
c. Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
d. Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
a. diffusion of current-carrying ions.
b. millivoltage of electrical potential.
c. polarization of charged particles.
d. ion channel neurotransmission.
8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which of
the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?
a. Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not extend to surface
b. Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement membrane
c. Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying connective tissue
d. Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on basement membrane
9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
a. providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
, b. synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
c. forming itendons i and i the ifascia i that icovers i muscles.
d. filling ispaces ibetween i tissues ito ikeep iorgans i in iplace.
10. Although iall imuscle itissue icells ihave isome isimilarities, ismooth imuscle i(also iknown ias
iinvoluntary imuscle) idiffers iby:
A) having idense i bodies iattached ito iactin i filaments.
B) containing isarcomeres i between i Z i lines i and iM i bands.
C) having i rapid i contractions i and i abundant i cross-striations.
D) contracting iin iresponse i to iincreased i intracellular i calcium.
11. Which iof ithe ifollowing i aspects i of ithe ifunction i of i the i nucleus i is iperformed i by iribosomal i RNA
i (rRNA)?
A) Copying iand icarrying iDNA i instructions i for i protein i synthesis
B) Carrying iamino iacids i to i the isite iof iprotein i synthesis
C) Providing ithe isite i where i protein i synthesis i occurs
D) Regulating iand i controlling i protein i synthesis
12. Breakdown iand iremoval iof iforeign isubstances iand iworn-out icell iparts iare iperformed iby iwhich iof
ithe ifollowing iorganelles?
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi i apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic ireticulum i(ER)
13. Impairment iin ithe ifunction i of iperoxisomes i would iresult iin:
A) inadequate isites i for i protein isynthesis.
B) an iinability ito itransport i cellular i products iacross ithe i cell imembrane.
