CSCC PSY 1100 EXAM 2 WITH
QUESTONS AND ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT 2025 UPDATE.
classical conditioning – ANS a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli
and anticipate events
Pavlov – ANS founder of classical conditioning
unconditioned stimulus – ANS in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—
naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
unconditioned response – ANS In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring
response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
neutral stimulus – ANS in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before
conditioning
operant conditioning – ANS a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a
rein-forcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
B.F. Skinner – ANS Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training
pigeons and rats
positive reinforcement – ANS Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food.
A positive rein-forcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the
response.
negative reinforcement – ANS Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli,
such as shock. A negative rein-forcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response,
strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)
positive punishment – ANS the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
negative punishment – ANS the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's
recurring
Shaping – ANS An operant conditioning in which something is learned gradually
observational learning – ANS learning by observing others
insight learning – ANS The process of learning how to solve a problem or do something new by
applying what is already known
, learned helplessness – ANS An organism's learning through experience with unavoidable
negative stimuli that it has no control over negative outcomes.
Concepts – ANS a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Prototypes - ANSA mental image or best example that incorporates all the features we associate
with a category
Heuristic – ANS an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the
possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a "rule of thumb"
availability heuristic – ANS estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in
memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume
such events are common
type 1 thinking – ANS Thinking that is fast and easy
type 2 thinking – ANS Thinking that is Slow and under your control
mental set – ANS a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has
been successful in the past
confirmation bias – ANS a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
Framing – ANS the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect
decisions and judgments.
functional fixedness – ANS the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions;
an impediment to problem solving
divergent thinking – ANS expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking
that diverges in different directions)
convergent thinking – ANS using logic and algorithms to solve problems, there is only one
answer, doesn't see things from various perspectives
nativist theory – ANS the view that language development is best explained as an innate,
biological capacity and by Noam chomsky
Formalist Theory – ANS We learn language through hearing others speak it
Behavioral Theory – ANS Use of reinforcement methods to change learners' behaviors
social pragmatic theory – ANS Language development stems from a desire to interact socially
QUESTONS AND ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT 2025 UPDATE.
classical conditioning – ANS a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli
and anticipate events
Pavlov – ANS founder of classical conditioning
unconditioned stimulus – ANS in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—
naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
unconditioned response – ANS In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring
response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
neutral stimulus – ANS in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before
conditioning
operant conditioning – ANS a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a
rein-forcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
B.F. Skinner – ANS Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training
pigeons and rats
positive reinforcement – ANS Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food.
A positive rein-forcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the
response.
negative reinforcement – ANS Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli,
such as shock. A negative rein-forcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response,
strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)
positive punishment – ANS the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
negative punishment – ANS the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's
recurring
Shaping – ANS An operant conditioning in which something is learned gradually
observational learning – ANS learning by observing others
insight learning – ANS The process of learning how to solve a problem or do something new by
applying what is already known
, learned helplessness – ANS An organism's learning through experience with unavoidable
negative stimuli that it has no control over negative outcomes.
Concepts – ANS a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Prototypes - ANSA mental image or best example that incorporates all the features we associate
with a category
Heuristic – ANS an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the
possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a "rule of thumb"
availability heuristic – ANS estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in
memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume
such events are common
type 1 thinking – ANS Thinking that is fast and easy
type 2 thinking – ANS Thinking that is Slow and under your control
mental set – ANS a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has
been successful in the past
confirmation bias – ANS a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
Framing – ANS the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect
decisions and judgments.
functional fixedness – ANS the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions;
an impediment to problem solving
divergent thinking – ANS expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking
that diverges in different directions)
convergent thinking – ANS using logic and algorithms to solve problems, there is only one
answer, doesn't see things from various perspectives
nativist theory – ANS the view that language development is best explained as an innate,
biological capacity and by Noam chomsky
Formalist Theory – ANS We learn language through hearing others speak it
Behavioral Theory – ANS Use of reinforcement methods to change learners' behaviors
social pragmatic theory – ANS Language development stems from a desire to interact socially
