FRSC 2030 Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
National DNA Data Bank total offender hits since 2000 -
Correct Answers ✅65,568
True or False, DNA collected from a biological sample at a
crime scene can provide absolute proof of guilt if it matches a
suspect? - Correct Answers ✅false, DNA can exclude an
individual but can't prove it came from an individual, if dna
profile matches you must consider the chances that there is
an identical dna profile in the population
Forensic scientist should - Correct Answers ✅put physical
evidence into context, not prove innocence or guilt
more context acquired for evidence - Correct Answers
✅the better
Purpose of Presumptive Test - Correct Answers ✅help
provide initial context at crime scenes as to where biological
stains are (despite having been cleaned, diluted, or if they
are clear/colourless and hard to see), what type biological
stain is present (e.g., blood, semen, saliva), and the patterns
of the biological stains (e.g., for blood spatter analyses
3 categories of presumptive tests - Correct Answers
✅colour tests, luminescence tests, and antibody precipitin
tests
,FRSC 2030 Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Kastle-Meyer Test - Correct Answers ✅phenolphthalein
reacts with the blood's hemoglobin in the presence of
hydrogen peroxide and is oxidized from its colorless form to a
bright/deep pink color, not human blood specific
Hemastix - Correct Answers ✅fast and easy, a strip that
has been coated with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and will
produce a green color with the presence of hemoglobin, not
specific to human blood
Luminol and bluestar - Correct Answers ✅react with
oxidizing agents, such as the heme in blood, to emit light, or
luminescence
Advantage of luminol/bluestar - Correct Answers ✅finding
minute traces of blood, including after a crime scene has
been cleaned and can tell if body was moved
Drawback of luminol/bluestar - Correct Answers ✅reaction
is not specific to blood, and other oxidizing agents like
bleach, some metals, and plant material can also cause
luminescence with luminol
Precipitin Tests - Correct Answers ✅serological tests to
detect the presence of a specific antigen, such as human
specific blood antigens
,FRSC 2030 Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Hematrace - Correct Answers ✅uses the principles of the
precipitin test to detect human heme in hemoglobin antigens
How hematrace works - Correct Answers ✅The test works
when human hemoglobin antigens react with the monoclonal
antihuman antibodies that are labelled with a pink dye.
When/if the antigens and antibodies complex, a pink line is
formed
Tests for Semen - Correct Answers ✅needed because large
percentage of cases are sexual assault, microscopic
examination of spermatozoa is performed along with
presumptive and confirmation tests
Presumptive and confirmation semen test - Correct
Answers ✅presumptive- acid phosphatase test (colour)
confirmation- prostate specific antigen test (human)
Acid phosphatase test - Correct Answers ✅high levels in
human semen, has chemical activity that changes colour
when it detects monophenolic phosphoric acid, can take a a
while to react
p30 test - Correct Answers ✅Human semen also contains
high levels of a substance called p30 or prostate specific
antigen, a protein which, with few exceptions, is specific to
, FRSC 2030 Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
semen. The technique is very sensitive in detecting minute
amounts of this protein
Presumptive tests for saliva - Correct Answers ✅saliva
contains alpha-amylase, this enzyme can be detected using
the Phadebas test, it turns blue
Other bodily fluids that have acid phosphatase - Correct
Answers ✅semen and vaginal secretions
Why are antibody tests important in identifying bodily fluids
beyond just colour tests? - Correct Answers ✅they are
often more specific, and less likely to give false positives
based on cross-reactivity with other substances
DNA - Correct Answers ✅deoxyribonucleic acid is a set of
four molecules that all include a sugar backbone, a
phosphate group and one of 4 different nucleotide bases (A,
G, C, T)
Nuclear DNA - Correct Answers ✅DNA within the nucleus is
divided into chromosomes, 22 pairs of matched
chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (X and Y
chromosomes).
Chromosomes in somatic cell - Correct Answers ✅46, are
diploid- all chromosomes are paired
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
National DNA Data Bank total offender hits since 2000 -
Correct Answers ✅65,568
True or False, DNA collected from a biological sample at a
crime scene can provide absolute proof of guilt if it matches a
suspect? - Correct Answers ✅false, DNA can exclude an
individual but can't prove it came from an individual, if dna
profile matches you must consider the chances that there is
an identical dna profile in the population
Forensic scientist should - Correct Answers ✅put physical
evidence into context, not prove innocence or guilt
more context acquired for evidence - Correct Answers
✅the better
Purpose of Presumptive Test - Correct Answers ✅help
provide initial context at crime scenes as to where biological
stains are (despite having been cleaned, diluted, or if they
are clear/colourless and hard to see), what type biological
stain is present (e.g., blood, semen, saliva), and the patterns
of the biological stains (e.g., for blood spatter analyses
3 categories of presumptive tests - Correct Answers
✅colour tests, luminescence tests, and antibody precipitin
tests
,FRSC 2030 Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Kastle-Meyer Test - Correct Answers ✅phenolphthalein
reacts with the blood's hemoglobin in the presence of
hydrogen peroxide and is oxidized from its colorless form to a
bright/deep pink color, not human blood specific
Hemastix - Correct Answers ✅fast and easy, a strip that
has been coated with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and will
produce a green color with the presence of hemoglobin, not
specific to human blood
Luminol and bluestar - Correct Answers ✅react with
oxidizing agents, such as the heme in blood, to emit light, or
luminescence
Advantage of luminol/bluestar - Correct Answers ✅finding
minute traces of blood, including after a crime scene has
been cleaned and can tell if body was moved
Drawback of luminol/bluestar - Correct Answers ✅reaction
is not specific to blood, and other oxidizing agents like
bleach, some metals, and plant material can also cause
luminescence with luminol
Precipitin Tests - Correct Answers ✅serological tests to
detect the presence of a specific antigen, such as human
specific blood antigens
,FRSC 2030 Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
Hematrace - Correct Answers ✅uses the principles of the
precipitin test to detect human heme in hemoglobin antigens
How hematrace works - Correct Answers ✅The test works
when human hemoglobin antigens react with the monoclonal
antihuman antibodies that are labelled with a pink dye.
When/if the antigens and antibodies complex, a pink line is
formed
Tests for Semen - Correct Answers ✅needed because large
percentage of cases are sexual assault, microscopic
examination of spermatozoa is performed along with
presumptive and confirmation tests
Presumptive and confirmation semen test - Correct
Answers ✅presumptive- acid phosphatase test (colour)
confirmation- prostate specific antigen test (human)
Acid phosphatase test - Correct Answers ✅high levels in
human semen, has chemical activity that changes colour
when it detects monophenolic phosphoric acid, can take a a
while to react
p30 test - Correct Answers ✅Human semen also contains
high levels of a substance called p30 or prostate specific
antigen, a protein which, with few exceptions, is specific to
, FRSC 2030 Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% SOLVED (Newest 2025)
semen. The technique is very sensitive in detecting minute
amounts of this protein
Presumptive tests for saliva - Correct Answers ✅saliva
contains alpha-amylase, this enzyme can be detected using
the Phadebas test, it turns blue
Other bodily fluids that have acid phosphatase - Correct
Answers ✅semen and vaginal secretions
Why are antibody tests important in identifying bodily fluids
beyond just colour tests? - Correct Answers ✅they are
often more specific, and less likely to give false positives
based on cross-reactivity with other substances
DNA - Correct Answers ✅deoxyribonucleic acid is a set of
four molecules that all include a sugar backbone, a
phosphate group and one of 4 different nucleotide bases (A,
G, C, T)
Nuclear DNA - Correct Answers ✅DNA within the nucleus is
divided into chromosomes, 22 pairs of matched
chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (X and Y
chromosomes).
Chromosomes in somatic cell - Correct Answers ✅46, are
diploid- all chromosomes are paired
