NVCC BIO 141 Chapter 5 Questions with
verified answers
Define Hypertrophy Ans✓✓-increase in cell size
Define Hyperplasia Ans✓✓-increase in number of cells
Define Atrophy Ans✓✓-decrease in cell size
Define Dysplasia Ans✓✓-abnormal development
Define Neoplasia Ans✓✓-the formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth
of tissue (tumor)
List the two main layers of skin and name the layer below it Ans✓✓-Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Describe the structure and function of the hypodermis Ans✓✓-binds skin to
underlying tissue & more adipose than dermis
function: energy reservoir, thermal insulation
List and briefly explain the five main functions of the skin Ans✓✓-Protection:
protect underlying tissues from damage/pathogens
Sensation: sensory receptors allow for sensation
, Thermoregulation: maintenance of stable internal body temp.
Excretion: lactic acid/urea + small amount of toxins/metals through sweat
Vitamin D Synthesis: precursor to Vitamin D is in deep epidermis that reacts with
UV rays to make Vitamin D
Describe the Stratum Basale layer Ans✓✓-deepest layer
single layer with cuboidal cells that attach to the basement membrane
closest to blood supply so metabolically/mitotically active
Describe the Stratum Spinosum layer Ans✓✓-2nd deepest
thickest stratum; spiky; close to blood supply so metabolically/mitotically active
Describe the Stratum Granulosum layer Ans✓✓-middle layer
has keratin bundles/lipid-base substances acting as water barrier and maintaining
moisture in the skin
Describe the Stratum Lucidum layer Ans✓✓-narrow clear layer of dead
keratinocytes found only in thick skin of hands and feet
Describe the Stratum Corneum layer Ans✓✓-most superficial layer
several layers of dead flattened keratinocytes and can shed off
Describe characteristics and lifecycle of keratinocytes Ans✓✓-Corneum layer
continually sheds dead keratinocytes which get replaced by mitosis of
basale/spinosum layers that push cells above them to superficial layers; as cells go
away from bloody supply they died and cycle continues
verified answers
Define Hypertrophy Ans✓✓-increase in cell size
Define Hyperplasia Ans✓✓-increase in number of cells
Define Atrophy Ans✓✓-decrease in cell size
Define Dysplasia Ans✓✓-abnormal development
Define Neoplasia Ans✓✓-the formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth
of tissue (tumor)
List the two main layers of skin and name the layer below it Ans✓✓-Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Describe the structure and function of the hypodermis Ans✓✓-binds skin to
underlying tissue & more adipose than dermis
function: energy reservoir, thermal insulation
List and briefly explain the five main functions of the skin Ans✓✓-Protection:
protect underlying tissues from damage/pathogens
Sensation: sensory receptors allow for sensation
, Thermoregulation: maintenance of stable internal body temp.
Excretion: lactic acid/urea + small amount of toxins/metals through sweat
Vitamin D Synthesis: precursor to Vitamin D is in deep epidermis that reacts with
UV rays to make Vitamin D
Describe the Stratum Basale layer Ans✓✓-deepest layer
single layer with cuboidal cells that attach to the basement membrane
closest to blood supply so metabolically/mitotically active
Describe the Stratum Spinosum layer Ans✓✓-2nd deepest
thickest stratum; spiky; close to blood supply so metabolically/mitotically active
Describe the Stratum Granulosum layer Ans✓✓-middle layer
has keratin bundles/lipid-base substances acting as water barrier and maintaining
moisture in the skin
Describe the Stratum Lucidum layer Ans✓✓-narrow clear layer of dead
keratinocytes found only in thick skin of hands and feet
Describe the Stratum Corneum layer Ans✓✓-most superficial layer
several layers of dead flattened keratinocytes and can shed off
Describe characteristics and lifecycle of keratinocytes Ans✓✓-Corneum layer
continually sheds dead keratinocytes which get replaced by mitosis of
basale/spinosum layers that push cells above them to superficial layers; as cells go
away from bloody supply they died and cycle continues
