Bio 141 Exam 1 NVCC questions with verified answers
Histology Ans✓✓-Study of Tissues
Every tissue has ____ and is surrounded by ____ Ans✓✓-cells, extra cellular
matrix
What are the 4 types of tissue Ans✓✓-epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the two parts of the extra cellular matrix Ans✓✓-Protein Fibers,
Ground substance
What is ground substance made up of? Ans✓✓-Water, ions, minerals, GAGs (with
a negative charge to attract water), proteoglycans. The size of the
gag/proteoglycan structure determines the thickness of ECM.
What are the 3 protein fibers in the extra cellular matrix and their properties?
Ans✓✓-Collagen- steel like wires, prevents stretching
Elastic- stretchy and has elastin
reticular- like collagen but nets and webs to hold in place
What are the cells in different tissues joined together by? Ans✓✓-Cell junctions
What are the 3 types of cell junctions? Ans✓✓-Tight junctions- impermeable
Desmosomes- anchor together to increase strength
Gap junctions- allow small substances to pass through
,What is epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or
lines a body cavity
What cell junctions are epithelial tissues joined by? Ans✓✓-Tight junctions and
desmosomes
What is a characteristic of epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-It is avascular. It's
extracellular matrix is confined to the basal lamina.
What are the types of epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-Simple, stratified, glands
What is a simple epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-Single layer of cells
What are the types of simple epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-simple squamous- found
in alveoli,
simple cuboidal- found in kidney tubules,
simple columnar- found in digestive tract,
pseudostratified columnar- nasal passages, upper resp tract
What are the two ways substances cross simple epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-
Paracelllular transport- leaking through (less common because cuboidal and
columnar are too thick)
Transcellular- Pass through the phospholipid bylayer of cells, through the
cytoplasm, and out the other end.
What are stratified epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-Multiple layers of cells
, What are the types of stratified epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-Stratified squamous-
can be keratonized (skin=hard) or non keratonized (buccal cavity, lips, vagina,
under tongue)
Stratigied cuboidal (rare)
Stratified columnar (rare)
Transitional- found in bladder, dome outer layer that stretches when full
What are glands? Ans✓✓-organs that secrete hormones
What are the two types of glands? Ans✓✓-Exocrine and endocrine
What do Exocrine glands do? Ans✓✓-Release product through a duct on
epithelial surface, usually only has local action. Can be unicellular or multicellular.
Unicellular are like goblet cells.
What do endocrine glands do? Ans✓✓-Secrete hormones into the bloodstream
What are the ways that exocrine glands release products? Ans✓✓-Remember
these are different from endocrine glands!
Merocrine- using exocytosis
Holocrine- when the cell dies, the hormones in the cytolplasm are released
Apocrine- Part of the cytolplasm pinches off
What is connective tissue? Ans✓✓-Framework of the body, providing support
and structure for the organs.
Histology Ans✓✓-Study of Tissues
Every tissue has ____ and is surrounded by ____ Ans✓✓-cells, extra cellular
matrix
What are the 4 types of tissue Ans✓✓-epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the two parts of the extra cellular matrix Ans✓✓-Protein Fibers,
Ground substance
What is ground substance made up of? Ans✓✓-Water, ions, minerals, GAGs (with
a negative charge to attract water), proteoglycans. The size of the
gag/proteoglycan structure determines the thickness of ECM.
What are the 3 protein fibers in the extra cellular matrix and their properties?
Ans✓✓-Collagen- steel like wires, prevents stretching
Elastic- stretchy and has elastin
reticular- like collagen but nets and webs to hold in place
What are the cells in different tissues joined together by? Ans✓✓-Cell junctions
What are the 3 types of cell junctions? Ans✓✓-Tight junctions- impermeable
Desmosomes- anchor together to increase strength
Gap junctions- allow small substances to pass through
,What is epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or
lines a body cavity
What cell junctions are epithelial tissues joined by? Ans✓✓-Tight junctions and
desmosomes
What is a characteristic of epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-It is avascular. It's
extracellular matrix is confined to the basal lamina.
What are the types of epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-Simple, stratified, glands
What is a simple epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-Single layer of cells
What are the types of simple epithelial tissue? Ans✓✓-simple squamous- found
in alveoli,
simple cuboidal- found in kidney tubules,
simple columnar- found in digestive tract,
pseudostratified columnar- nasal passages, upper resp tract
What are the two ways substances cross simple epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-
Paracelllular transport- leaking through (less common because cuboidal and
columnar are too thick)
Transcellular- Pass through the phospholipid bylayer of cells, through the
cytoplasm, and out the other end.
What are stratified epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-Multiple layers of cells
, What are the types of stratified epithelial tissues? Ans✓✓-Stratified squamous-
can be keratonized (skin=hard) or non keratonized (buccal cavity, lips, vagina,
under tongue)
Stratigied cuboidal (rare)
Stratified columnar (rare)
Transitional- found in bladder, dome outer layer that stretches when full
What are glands? Ans✓✓-organs that secrete hormones
What are the two types of glands? Ans✓✓-Exocrine and endocrine
What do Exocrine glands do? Ans✓✓-Release product through a duct on
epithelial surface, usually only has local action. Can be unicellular or multicellular.
Unicellular are like goblet cells.
What do endocrine glands do? Ans✓✓-Secrete hormones into the bloodstream
What are the ways that exocrine glands release products? Ans✓✓-Remember
these are different from endocrine glands!
Merocrine- using exocytosis
Holocrine- when the cell dies, the hormones in the cytolplasm are released
Apocrine- Part of the cytolplasm pinches off
What is connective tissue? Ans✓✓-Framework of the body, providing support
and structure for the organs.
