CRT/RRT (NBRC) 2024 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM| ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS WITH
RATIONALES/ALREADY GRADED A+
Ascites - ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention - ✔✔-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - ✔✔-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color - ✔✔-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) - ✔✔-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable
depth and irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea - ✔✔-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes - ✔✔-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a
cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots - ✔✔-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's - ✔✔-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic - ✔✔prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short,
insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic - ✔✔muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
retractions - ✔✔-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of
outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
Character of cough - ✔✔-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the
lungs or asthma
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,-productive cough may indicate infection
evidence of difficult airway - ✔✔-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus - ✔✔-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may
indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
tactile fremitus - ✔✔-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus - ✔✔-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
Resonant percussion - ✔✔-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion - ✔✔-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - ✔✔-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver
(thudding)
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, -pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - ✔✔-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant - ✔✔-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds - ✔✔normal sounds in lungs
bronchial breath sounds - ✔✔-normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
Egophony - ✔✔-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - ✔✔-increased intensity or
transmission of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - ✔✔-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - ✔✔-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|ACTUAL EXAM| ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS WITH
RATIONALES/ALREADY GRADED A+
Ascites - ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention - ✔✔-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - ✔✔-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color - ✔✔-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) - ✔✔-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable
depth and irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea - ✔✔-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes - ✔✔-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a
cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
1|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots - ✔✔-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's - ✔✔-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic - ✔✔prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short,
insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic - ✔✔muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
retractions - ✔✔-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of
outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
Character of cough - ✔✔-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the
lungs or asthma
2|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,-productive cough may indicate infection
evidence of difficult airway - ✔✔-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus - ✔✔-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may
indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
tactile fremitus - ✔✔-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus - ✔✔-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
Resonant percussion - ✔✔-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion - ✔✔-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - ✔✔-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver
(thudding)
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, -pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - ✔✔-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant - ✔✔-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds - ✔✔normal sounds in lungs
bronchial breath sounds - ✔✔-normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
Egophony - ✔✔-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - ✔✔-increased intensity or
transmission of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - ✔✔-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - ✔✔-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
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©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
